Workhorse Group Inc. Aktie

Greetings, and welcome to the Workhorse Group Q3 2025 Earnings Conference Call and Webcast. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded.

It's now my pleasure to turn the call over to Stan March. Please go ahead, Stan.

Kevin, thank you. Good morning to all of you, and I'd like to welcome you to Workhorse's 2025 Third Quarter Results Call. Before we begin, I'd like to note that we posted our results for the third quarter, which ended on September 30, 2025, via press release and filed the associated 10-Q with the SEC last evening after the market closed. This morning, we posted the accompanying presentation so you can find the release and the accompanying presentation in the Investor Relations section of our website. We'll be tracking along with the presentation during this call.

Joining me on today's call are Rick Dauch, our CEO; and Bob Ginnan, our CFO. And for today's agenda, you can find that on Slide 3 in the presentation. Following my brief opening remarks, I'll hand it over to Rick, who'll give you an update on our Q3 performance and business operations as well as our proposed transaction with Motiv. Bob will then walk us through the financial results for the quarter, and Rick will then follow wrapping it up and then go to questions.

On today's call, you can find in our presentation, our disclaimers found on Page 4 and 5. Some of the comments that are going to be made today are forward-looking and are subject to various provisions, risks and uncertainties. And you can find that full disclaimer in our 10-Q and in today's press release. You can -- on Slide 5, you can also find references about the proposed transaction with Motiv where you can find additional information related to that proposed transaction.

And with that brief introduction, I'll now turn the call over to Rick. Rick?

Thanks, Stan. Hello, and thank you for joining us on the call this morning, everyone. We're excited to be here with you today to discuss our third quarter results and provide an update on our proposed strategic transaction with Motiv.

Let's start with our Q3 results on Slide 6. During the quarter, we made good progress executing on our product road map, scaling sales to targeted fleets with new orders and deployments and expanding our product portfolio. We completed the sale of 15 trucks in a combination of Class 4 and 5/6 versions. These results reflect the hard work and resilience of the Workhorse team in a challenging commercial electric vehicle environment and reinforces a strong operating performance and positive customer feedback of our W56 platform in the field.

Growing customer demand for our W56 step van continues to advance our position as a segment leader in the EV Class 5/6 transition. We're building reliable, safe and capable trucks, proving the performance of winning business and earning customers' trust every day.

During the quarter, we also maintained our financial discipline, taking continued decisive actions to reduce both operating and overhead costs and strengthening our near-term financial position. Despite continued challenging market conditions, we continue to make meaningful progress here at Workhorse and are focused on finishing 2025 on strong footing. We are actively engaging with logistics providers and service fleets to build additional order interest through our national dealer network.

We announced the availability of the Utilimaster Aeromaster body on our all-electric W56 strip chassis. This new offering expands and brings new flexibility to the W56 platform, combining the trusted durability of the industry-standard Utilimaster step van body with the benefits of Workhorse's proven electric chassis. The W56 also remains fully eligible for the California hybrid and zero-emission truck and bus voucher incentive program, or HVIP vouchers, of $85,000 per truck and higher for medium-duty Class 6 vehicles.

At the same time, we maintained our ongoing financial discipline, prioritizing cash conservation and expense reduction. In the third quarter, our operating expenses decreased $1.2 million on a year-over-year basis through disciplined cost management with even more impressive results year-to-date.

I'm also excited to share that we showcased our W56 step van at the FedEx Forward Service Provider Summit in Orlando, Florida in September, marking Workhorse's third year participating in the event. Our W56 step vans and service with FedEx Express and FedEx Express independent service providers have collectively logged tens of thousands of miles on daily deliveries routes nationwide and are operating at a 97% or greater uptime availability.

Lastly, we, of course, announced our proposed transaction with Motiv during the third quarter.

Now let's turn to Slide 7 to touch on the proposed transaction. In August, we announced a definitive agreement to combine Workhorse with Motiv Electric Trucks, bringing together 2 veteran EV innovators to create a stronger force in North America's medium-duty electric truck market. This combination positions us to accelerate growth, expand our product lineup and capture greater share in the commercial EV space. For our shareholders, it represents a chance to participate in the upside of a unified, well-capitalized company built for long-term success.

In addition, we also completed 2 transactions with entities affiliated with Motiv's controlling investor, including the sale-leaseback transaction of our Union City facility for $20 million and a secured convertible note financing for $5 million. These transactions have strengthened our near-term financial position and continue to support Workhorse's operations. Looking ahead, and as part of this transaction, the combined company is expected to be able to access up to $20 million in additional debt financing post close to fund our go-forward strategic execution. The transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2025, subject to Workhorse shareholder approval and other customary closing conditions, including the debt financing commitment.

With our shareholders' approval at our annual meeting tomorrow on November 12, we will be positioned to drive sustainable growth and create long-term shareholder value.

And now I'll turn it over to Bob to discuss our financial results and recent steps we have taken to strengthen our near- and long-term financial position. Bob?

Thanks, Rick. Turning now to Slide 8 for the highlights from the quarter. As a reminder, our financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the March 2025, 1 to 12.5 reverse stock split.

Sales, net of returns and allowances, for the 3 months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, were $2.4 million and $2.5 million, respectively. The decrease in sales of $100,000 was primarily due to lower sales of approximately $2.3 million related to delivery of fewer trucks in 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, offset by an increase of $2.2 million related to the recognition of 7 vehicles from deferred revenue.

Cost of sales for the 3 months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, were $10.1 million and $6.6 million, respectively. The increase in cost of sales of $3.5 million was primarily a result of an increase in inventory excess and obsolescence reserve of $3.3 million.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the 3 months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, were $7.8 million and $7.7 million, respectively. The increase in SG&A of $100,000 was primarily driven by a $3.6 million increase in consulting and legal expenses due to the proposed Motiv merger, offset by a $2.9 million decrease in employee compensation and related expenses, a decrease of $200,000 in marketing and trade show related expenses and a decrease of $300,000 in IT-related expenses.

Research and development expenses for 3 months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, were $1.1 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Decrease in R&D expense of $1.2 million was primarily driven by $300,000 decrease in employee compensation and related expenses due to a lower headcount, a $500,000 decrease in prototype part expense and a $300,000 decrease in consulting and professional services expense.

During the third quarter, we took additional steps to reduce costs and conserve cash, which resulted in operating expenses that decreased by $1.2 million year-over-year compared to the same time last year. We reduced operating expenses by $17.5 million.

Net interest expense for the third quarter of 2025 was $200,000 compared to $3 million for the 3 months ended September 30, 2024. Difference was primarily driven by higher financing fees related to the 2024 notes recognized in the prior year period compared to the current period. Net loss was $7.8 million compared to $25.1 million in the same period last year.

I also want to point out during the third quarter, the company recognized a gain on the sale of assets of $13.8 million, primarily related to the sale leaseback of our Union City, Indiana facility. Additionally, we recognized a gain of $4.8 million related to deferred revenue upon termination of the Tropos Assembly Services Agreement.

Slide 9, balance sheet highlights. Now turning to Slide 9 to discuss our balance sheet. As of September 30, 2025, the company had $38.2 million in cash and cash equivalents as well as restricted cash compared to $4.6 million in the same period last year, primarily increased due to the benefits from funding totaling approximately $25 million for Motiv's controlling investor, including a $20 million sale leaseback transaction and a $5 million secured convertible note financing, both of which were completed at the execution of the merger agreement.

As a reminder, at the closing of the merger, all remaining indebtedness and other obligations to Workhorse existing senior secured lender, including all warrants currently held by that lender, will be repaid and/or canceled with the only remaining secured indebtedness of the combined companies being the $5 million secured convertible note held by Motiv's controlling investor, which may convert to equity in connection with the post-closing financing.

We will continue to strengthen our financial position by generating additional purchase orders and revenue from customers as well as maintaining our financial discipline. Looking ahead, we are focused on executing on our product road map and completing our transaction with Motiv and we are confident in our ability to continue to deliver value to our shareholders.

With that, let me turn it back over to Rick.

Thanks, Bob. Let me take a moment to outline our near-term priorities shown on Slide 10. A top priority for Workhorse, as we've emphasized on this call, is completing the proposed transaction with Motiv. Over the past few months, both teams have been working diligently to plan for and ensure the combined company is positioned to grow and succeed. The proposed transaction remains subject to shareholder approval.

In parallel, we continue to focus on strengthening our financial position and driving greater operational efficiencies, including growing purchase orders and customer demand, prioritizing cash conversion and reducing our operating costs. We are also continuing to expand and enhance our product portfolio, including finalizing our plans for the W56 140-kilowatt production launch in 2026. This new vehicle has a range of around 120 miles and has about a 10% lower acquisition price.

Looking ahead, the combination with Motiv will further broaden our product lineup and accelerate our shared product road map. And we're currently developing the plans to integrate our portfolios and R&D technology to deliver even greater value and a broader portfolio of vehicles to our customers over the next 2 to 3 years.

Before we wrap up, we'd like to remind you that our 2025 Annual General Meeting -- Shareholder Meeting is tomorrow on November 12. In order for Workhorse to complete the proposed transaction with Motiv and for our shareholders to participate in the potential upside of the combined companies, we need Workhorse shareholders to vote for the transaction in addition to the other 8 proposals up to vote in connection with the meeting.

We look forward to our future with Motiv and remain confident in our ability to deliver meaningful value to our shareholders. We hope you share our excitement for what lies ahead as we combine our strengths to capture new opportunities and lead in the commercial EV transition. That said, this call is to discuss our earnings results for the third quarter, so we won't be taking questions on the Motiv transaction at this time.

Thank you all for joining today's call. Now I'll open it up for questions. And Kevin, I'll turn it back over to you.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question is coming from Ben Sommers from BTIG.

So kind of on the W56 step van and kind of being eligible for those state-level incentives in California, kind of curious just more broader market outlook. How you're seeing state-level incentives across the U.S. kind of panning out in different states and what you think the opportunities are beyond California for the step van?

Great question. So we are -- we worked with the CAR group and a couple of other people in the EV space to make sure the HVIP vouchers are competitive. Out in California, that was successful, and we saw immediate pickup in orders from the FedEx ground guys out there. And right now, we're -- but every truck we're building between now and the year has already got a purchase order and HVIP voucher tied to it.

We are seeing some good movement in the state of Washington and the State of New York in terms of vouchers, and we have turned our efforts to those 2 areas, those 2 states for sure. So -- and then I'd like to say, too, is that we talked about having our truck down the last 3 years at the FedEx conference for the ground operators. We have one site in California now that's operating more than 20 W56 step vans. Once we get a truck in the hands of a ground operator and they see the reliability of our truck averaging 97%, 98% uptime, we're seeing repeat orders from multiple FedEx ground operators.

Awesome. And then just kind of curious on costs as we ramp closer towards production of this vehicle, how should we be thinking about that trending in '26 as we get prepared for the production launch there?

I'm going to ask Bob to answer that question.

Okay. So I think if you look at the costs from 2 elements, there's obviously the bill of material cost, which we continue to focus on bringing that down through engineering and supply chain. But also as we -- as the production increases, you'll see an improvement in the labor cost as we get into a regular cadence on the lines there. So we look to see improvements in both areas as we go forward.

Yes, and we're starting to see -- obviously, we haven't had a lot of volume so far. And so to get the manufacturing right, we built 3 or 4 trucks now perfectly. We had no post-production touch-ups and some of that. So our guys are starting to get a handle on how to build the chassis and more importantly, the cabin body. That's a pretty complex assembly operation there.

We also have de-escalators in our purchase contracts when we hit certain volumes down the road. We're far from those volumes now, but they're built into the contracts, and that will lower the bill of material costs. We know we have to move closer and closer to be almost on parity with ICE. That's going to take a couple of years, and it's going to require us to get to certain levels of volume, especially on batteries to lower the cost.

Yes, one thing I'd say, too, is that once we do get trucks in the field, based on the data we're having right now, both at FedEx and Ground, we're seeing somewhere between a 55% to 65% total cost of operation reduction. No fuel costs, obviously, new trucks, very -- no spare parts and uptime, again, 98%. So we think that's a good selling point when we're out there talking to fleets.

We reached the end of our question-and-answer session. I'd like to turn the floor back over to Rick for any further closing comments.

Appreciate your patience with us. It's been a tough 4 years in the electric vehicle transition market. Those things we can control, we're doing our best to do that. And we think the merger with Motiv gives us even a bigger opportunity to lower the operating cost of the company, expand the product portfolio, give us a better opportunity to be successful long term, and we think it's the right thing for shareholders. We appreciate your support, and have a great day. Thank you.

Thank you. That does conclude today's teleconference and webcast. You may disconnect your lines at this time, and have a wonderful day. We thank you for your participation today.

Thanks, Kevin.

Take care, everyone.

Greetings, and welcome to the Workhorse Group and Motiv Joint Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It's now my pleasure to turn the call over to your host, Stan March from Workhorse. Please go ahead, Stan.

Thank you, Kevin. Good morning, and welcome to this joint Workhorse Motiv conference call. Before we begin, I'd like to note that we posted our financial results for the quarter ended June 30, 2025, via press release as well as filed its associated 10-Q with the SEC last Friday, August 15. We also released the news of Workhorse and Motiv entering into a definitive agreement via the press release and SEC Form 8-K likewise on the 15th.

You can find all these documents as well as the presentation that will form the basis of today's conversation in the Investor Relations section of our website. We'll track along with that presentation during this call.

On Slide 2, you can find our legal legend as some of the comments that will be made today are forward-looking and are subject to certain provisions and subject to risks and uncertainties as well. Given that we'll also be filing a proxy in the near future, other notices are likewise described in this legend.

On Slide 3, you can see the call participants today. Driving the call are Rick Dauch, our CEO; Bob Ginnan, our CFO; and Scott Griffith, CEO of Motiv.

And on Slide 4, you'll find our agenda for today's call. Following my opening remarks, I'll hand it over to Rick, who will give you an update on our Q2 performance as well as a business update. Bob will then walk us through our Q2 financial results. Rick will then provide an initial merger overview. And following that -- following those comments, Scott will discuss the rationale and drivers to create a leading North American medium-duty electric truck OEM. Rick will then close the conversation by reviewing the near-term priorities for the companies before we open the call up to questions.

And with that brief introduction, I'll turn the call over to Rick.

Thanks, Stan, and thanks, everyone, for joining us on the call this morning. We are excited to dive deeper into our recently announced strategic combination with Motiv as well as discuss our strong second quarter earnings results. I'm pleased to have Scott Griffith, the CEO of Motiv here with us today, who will help unpack some details about the strategic transaction and share more about what this holds for the future of both Workhorse and Motiv.

First, we'll start with Workhorse's second quarter 2025 results. Let's look at Slide 5. In the second quarter, we secured 36 purchase orders for our W56 step vans, shipping a record 32 trucks in the quarter. These record results are a testament to the hard work and dedication of the Workhorse team and were driven by the proven operating performance of our W56 line of vehicles and overwhelmingly positive customer feedback on these vehicles from the field.

We believe the growing demand we see for our W56 further demonstrates the critical role Workhorse plays in the emerging transition to EV technology in the commercial vehicle space and last-mile delivery space as well as the market's recognition of the quality, value, dependability and durability of our vehicles. The capability and reputation of our vehicles are being validated every day in the field and will continue to accelerate as more of our vehicles hit the road.

There are currently more than 60 W56 vehicles operating customer and partner fleets across the country along diverse real-world routes. Additionally, we continue to advance our product plans to broaden the W56 application options. This work included the completion of final durability testing on the 140-kilowatt design with a range of 100 miles, which is slated to go into production in early 2026.

It also included development and integration efforts to install the Utilimaster Aeromaster walk-in van body on the W56 chassis, now available for order. This familiar time-tested body design adds flexibility to the all-electric W56 chassis platform, delivering its proven performance in the traditional step van form and configurations that many fleet operators know and trust.

We continue to operate efficiently, extending the company's financial runway, enabling us to reach our strategic transaction with Motiv last week. This is reflected in a decrease in operating expenses by $7 million year-over-year, while shipping a record number of vehicles in the quarter. Our near-term liquidity was further bolstered by the interim funding for Motiv's controlling investor totaling approximately $25 million through the sale leaseback and a secured convertible note financing transaction that we closed on last week. This funding will be partially utilized to pay down debt owed to Workhorse's existing senior secured lender and to finance operations through the close of the transaction.

With that, I'd like to turn it over to Bob to provide additional color on our financial performance for the second quarter.

Thanks, Rick. In the second quarter, Workhorse saw significant year-over-year improvement across almost every operating metric. Let me start by comparing some straightforward numbers, truck shipments. In the second quarter of 2024, we shipped 1 truck compared to this year's second quarter when we shipped 32, an increase of 31 trucks during the year. In fact, in the first half of 2025, we have shipped 35 trucks, which is more trucks than we did in all of 2024, which was 29. This shipment unit difference was driven almost exclusively by customer demand for the W56 step van.

Turning to Slide 6. Sales net of returns and allowances for the second quarter of 2025 were $5.7 million compared to $800,000 in the same period a year ago. The $4.8 million increase was due to higher W56 shipments in the current period, partially offset by the loss of revenue due to the Aero divestiture and higher W4 CC sales in the prior year.

Cost of sales for the second quarter of 2025 was $13.1 million, an increase of $5.8 million compared to $7.3 million in the prior year. The cost of sales increase was primarily driven by unit cost increase from higher sales volume and an increase in inventory excess and obsolescence reserves of $1.8 million, which was partially offset by lower production expenses of $1.2 million and lower direct and indirect labor costs of $200,000, primarily due to lower headcount.

Selling, general and administrative expense in the second quarter of 2025 were $5.8 million, a decrease of $6.3 million compared to $12.1 million in the prior year. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily driven by a $3.1 million decrease in employee compensation-related expenses, primarily due to lower equity compensation and lower headcount, a decrease in legal and professional expenses of $1.1 million, a decrease in IT-related expense of $400,000, lower corporate insurance of $500,000 and a $200,000 decrease in depreciation and amortization expense due to the Aero divestiture.

Research and development expenses during the second quarter of 2025 were $1.2 million, a decrease of $700,000 compared to $2 million in the prior year. The decrease in R&D expense was primarily driven by a $100,000 decrease in employee compensation-related expenses due to lower headcount, a $300,000 decrease in prototype part expenses and a $300,000 decrease in rent expenses as well as depreciation and amortization expense.

Looking at the same key parameters for revenue and operating costs for the first half of 2024 and 2025. Sales, net of returns and allowances for the first half of 2025 and 2024 were $6.3 million and $2.2 million, respectively. For the 6 months ended June 30, 2025, the increase in sales of $4.1 million was primarily due to the increased delivery of W56 trucks.

Cost of sales for the first half of 2025 and 2024 were $18.2 million and $14.7 million, respectively. The increase in cost of sales of $3.5 million was driven due to the increase in sales volume as well as a $1.3 million increase in warranty reserve expenses, which was offset by a $1.6 million decrease in direct and indirect labor costs and a $1.3 million reversal of infrastructure expenses previously accrued.

SG&A expenses during the first 6 months of 2025 and 2024 were $12.6 million and $26.2 million, respectively. The decrease in SG&A of $13.6 million was primarily driven by a $7.2 million decrease in employee compensation and related expenses due to lower headcount and equity compensation, a decrease of $1.8 million in consulting-related expenses, a decrease in legal and professional expenses of $1.9 million, a decrease of $1.1 million in insurance expense, a decrease in IT-related expenses of $900,000 and a $300,000 decrease in depreciation and amortization expense due to the Aero divestiture.

Research and development expense during the first 6 months of 2025 and 2024 were $2.8 million and $5.5 million, respectively. The decrease in R&D expense of $2.7 million was primarily driven by successful completion of the W56 initial design and production of the W56 and the W56 208-inch wheelbase truck program in the prior year. So to summarize, year-over-year revenue and operating costs for the 6-month period, revenue is up $4.1 million. Operating expenses were down $16.3 million.

Turning back to Q2. Interest expense net for the second quarter of 2025 was $600,000 compared to $2 million in the prior year. The decrease was primarily driven by higher financing fees related to the 2024 notes in the prior year. As of June 30, 2025, the estimated fair value of the 2024 notes totaled $39.5 million. During the 3 months ended June 30, 2025, the institutional investor converted $13.5 million principal into common stock.

And the company recorded a $5.4 million fair value net gain on conversion in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the 3 months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we recorded a $1.6 million fair value net loss and a $3.1 million fair value net loss, respectively, in the consolidated financial statements. As of June 30, 2025, the estimated fair value of outstanding warrants totaled $3.1 million.

During the 3 months for the second quarter, the company recorded $1.9 million fair value gain and a $600,000 fair value loss, respectively, relating to outstanding warrants. Overall, net loss for the 6 months ended June 30, 2025, has improved from $55.5 million in 2024 to $35.4 million in 2025. If you factor out the interest and fair value adjustments, the net loss from operations improved from $44.2 million to $27.3 million.

Turning to our balance sheet on Slide 7. As of June 30, 2025, the company had $2.2 million of cash and cash equivalents and $22.5 million in restricted cash, accounts receivable of $2.4 million, other receivables of $100,000, inventory net of reserves of $32.8 million and accounts payable of $10.8 million.

In connection with the proposed transaction with Motiv, Workhorse completed 2 transactions with entities affiliated with Motiv's controlling investor, including a $20 million sale leaseback for Workhorse's Union City, Indiana manufacturing facility as well as a secured convertible note financing for $5 million, each of which were consummated at the time of the execution of the merger agreement.

With that, I'd like to turn it back over to Rick to discuss the Motiv transaction, how we arrived here and how the combined company will be well positioned to build on our progress.

Thanks, Bob. As Bob mentioned, on Slide 8, I'm going to touch on our transaction with Motiv and then turn it over to Scott for his perspective on the future prospects of our combined companies. Let me start by taking a moment to reflect back on our journey and highlight how far we've come since I first joined this commercial start-up company about 4 years ago.

At the time, Workhorse's path forward was far from clear. Our Union City plant and equipment were old and outdated. Our newly designed Class 4, 5 step van was failing, both on the test track and in the field. Since then, we have rebuilt the company from the ground up and into a streamlined, process-driven organization with market segment-leading products with a reputation for reliability, durability and significantly lower TCO cost than comparable ICE vehicles.

We accomplished this by advancing our technology road map, iterating designs based on direct customer feedback from the field and continuing to invest to expand our product portfolio. As a result, our W56 step van has become the flagship of our portfolio with consistent positive customer feedback while offering 2 wheelbase options, 2 EV powertrain options and now 3 body configurations.

We partner with proven and technically capable commercial vehicle component suppliers who continue to support our efforts here at Workhorse. At the same time, we built a strong dealer network across the country and built strong relationship with operators of the largest medium-duty fleets who now know and view the Workhorse brand to be associated with the high quality, reliability and integrity, a far cry from 2021.

We also invested heavily into our Union City manufacturing facility, turning it into the jewel of the commercial electric vehicle manufacturing segment here in the United States. That said, while we remain optimistic about the long-term transition to commercial EV vehicles, it's true that factors largely outside of our control, like a shifting political landscape and changing government regulations and incentives have led to delayed fleet customer adoption rates.

Gaining momentum on the revenue side of the equation has taken far longer than expected or forecasted by any OEM, automotive or Wall Street industry analysts. In light of these market conditions and with the support of our financial stakeholders, our Board of Directors and management team evaluated numerous strategic opportunities to best position Workhorse for both the near- and long-term future of the company and our stakeholders.

Our transaction with Motiv was a result of the strategic guidance from our Board. By combining with Motiv, we are creating a broader commercial truck product portfolio, strengthening our near- and long-term financial positions and providing Workhorse shareholders the opportunity to participate in the upside of a leader in the medium-duty EV commercial vehicle market. The transaction itself has a few pieces, so I want to use this opportunity to break it down.

Starting with our transaction that merges Motiv and Workhorse. Under the terms of the transaction, at closing, Motiv will merge with a newly created subsidiary of Workhorse in exchange for newly issued shares of Workhorse common stock. We have also taken steps to provide near-term liquidity to Workhorse and simplify our capital structure.

First, we have completed 2 transactions with entities affiliated with Motiv's controlling investor, a sale leaseback for Workhorse's Union City, Indiana manufacturing facility for $20 million as well as a $5 million convertible note secured note financing. These transactions are expected to provide near-term liquidity to support Workhorse's operations through closing. They also provide us with the capital to pay down debt owed to Workhorse's existing senior secured lender.

In connection with signing, we entered into an agreement with our senior lender to permit the sale leaseback and convertible note and to provide additional structure around our repayment of obligations. As a result of the agreement at closing the merger, all remaining indebtedness owed to such lender, including all warrants currently held by the lender will be repaid and/or canceled.

In addition, the lender will receive rights to acquire shares of Workhorse common stock. At the close of the transaction on a fully diluted basis, Motiv's controlling investor initially will own approximately 62.5% of the combined company. Workhorse's existing senior secured lender will have rights to receive common stock that represent approximately 11% and Workhorse shareholders will own approximately 26.5% of the company. All these ownership stakes are subject to certain potential adjustments and additional future dilution.

Looking ahead, we intend to seek additional new financing to fuel go-forward plans. As part of the merger agreement and as a condition of closing, at the completion of the transaction, the combined company is expected to obtain access to up to $20 million in debt financing provided by entities affiliated with Motiv's controlling investor. This includes approximately $10 million expected to be available in our revolving credit facility and an additional $10 million expected to be available to fund manufacturing costs associated with confirmed purchase orders of the combined company in an ABL facility.

In addition, the combined company will seek to raise additional funding -- financing to fund its go-forward strategic execution plans in 2026 and beyond. The transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2025, subject to Workhorse shareholder approval and other customary closing conditions, including the debt financing commitment.

Turning now to why we believe our shareholders will be poised to benefit from the upside potential of the combined company. From a strategic perspective, we believe that Motiv is the right partner for Workhorse. Together, we are a compelling and complementary fit. The combination of Motiv's diverse product portfolio and top fleet relationships with Workhorse's proven vehicles, manufacturing capabilities and national dealer network creates a strong combined company.

Together, we expect to have more scale and the ability to operate more effectively and efficiently. We believe this will enable us to compete more effectively with our industry's pure-play electric and legacy OEMs and capitalize on new opportunities to serve more customers with a more competitive advanced electric product portfolio offering.

Moreover, we are establishing a strong financial foundation from which we can advance our combined product road map. In addition to the cost synergy we expect to capture, we believe the actions we are taking to strengthen the combined company's financial position will create opportunities for margin expansion and provide greater flexibility to pursue future growth initiatives.

With a simplified capital structure, we also believe that the combined company will be better positioned to raise additional capital post close. Taken together, with these actions, we believe we will be well positioned to drive sustainable growth and create long-term shareholder value.

With that, I'll turn things over to Scott to share the Motiv perspective on how the combined company will create shareholder value.

Thanks, Rick. It's great to be here with you at the Workhorse headquarters in Cincinnati to discuss the compelling combination of our 2 leading OEMs in the medium-duty space. I want to take a step back and provide a more detailed view of Motiv for those of you that may be less familiar with our company. We're a leading manufacturer of medium-duty zero-emission trucks and buses.

For more than 15 years, we've partnered with our customers to help them along in their electrification journey, building long-term trusted relationships along the way. I've personally served as CEO of Motiv for more than a year, and I'm thrilled to become CEO of the combined company at close.

I've spent much of my career at the intersection of transportation, technology and sustainability. Prior to joining Motiv, I was CEO of Ford's autonomous vehicles and mobility businesses. For more than a decade, I was CEO at Zipcar, the world's largest car sharing network from seed stage to a public offering and ultimately through its sale to Avis Budget Group.

Between my time at Zipcar and my leadership role at Ford Motor, I served as Executive in Residence a General Catalyst, a leading multibillion-dollar venture and growth stage investment firm. In addition to my work at Motiv, I'm also on the Board of NASDAQ-listed EVgo, a leading EV charging infrastructure company. I have great admiration for the talented Workhorse team, the vehicles and the manufacturing infrastructure your company has built.

Now turning back to our slides. As you can see from Slide 9, together, we believe we'll be positioned for success as a leading North American medium-duty electric truck OEM. The transaction joins Motiv's diverse product portfolio and top fleet relationships with Workhorse's proven vehicles, manufacturing capabilities and national dealer network. This slide covers the highlights of the transaction as well as the combined company's impressive track record of delivering nearly 1,000 total vehicles and the over 17 million real-world miles driven by our vehicles.

The combination of Motiv and Workhorse creates a leading medium-duty electric truck OEM. We've developed 8 supporting reasons we believe this provides a platform for future success and future shareholder value creation. One, product -- sorry, broad product portfolio targeting an attractive market; two, strong complementary customer base; three, compelling total cost of ownership to accelerate adoption; four, a proven direct sales and dealer network; five, scalable and expandable U.S. manufacturing; six, significant synergies; seven, stronger financial position and simplified capital structure; and finally, eight, strong executive leadership.

I won't take the time today to go through all details on all 8 of these key points, but I will focus on points 1, 2, 4 and 7 in the next few slides. In the coming weeks, we'll provide deeper detail on all 8 points.

Turning to Slide 10. You'll see that following the close, we'll have a full range of Class 4 through 6 trucks to serve customers. Our leading portfolio will comprise the most advanced and road-tested products and together, we'll chart a product road map designed to deliver what our customers want in the future. This includes joint development of a Class 5, 6 cab chassis. And importantly, we'll play in the $23 billion medium-duty electric -- medium-duty truck segment that we believe is poised for continued electrification in the coming years.

Both companies believe the next phase of large-scale adoption of medium-duty electric trucks in North America will be driven by national scale commercial fleets with tested and piloted multi-depot EV truck operations, similar to the types of large customers we already support, including Purolator, FedEx, Cintas, Aramark and others.

Turning then to Slide 11. We have a strong and complementary customer base. And together, we've served 10 of the largest medium-duty fleets in North America, positioning the combined company to expand adoption through these existing relationships with the most likely early scalers. We believe there is ample room for cross-selling and increasing new and existing customer contact and confidence as we bring the 2 organizations together.

Moving to Slide 12. Together, the companies will have significant commercial capabilities as we bring together Motiv's consultative and direct selling methodology and processes for growing from pilots to large, multi-order relationships with Workhorse's robust dealer network. Workhorse has 19 dealer locations and is able to sell across all 50 states.

Together, we'll be able to increase customer contact and confidence through a much stronger go-to-market strategy. We'll combine Motiv's strong experienced sales team with Workhorse's national dealer network to foster what I call a new team sell approach with the dealer groups that will allow their sales professionals to participate in the sales process and help them sell more trucks.

Turning to Slide 13. Rick touched earlier on the new liquidity this transaction provides to Workhorse to support the company through close, along with debt financing at close and a significant synergy opportunity, which we project to be at least $20 million by the end of 2026. The company will have a stronger financial position and simplified capital structure from which to execute its goals. This will support our ability to drive lower unit costs while optimizing total cost of ownership for our customers.

Widespread adoption of medium-duty electric trucks, we believe, will come from achieving cost parity versus internal combustion and diesel trucks and offering compelling long-term value, and this will be a primary focus of the combined company.

In summary, we're really excited about this combination. Following the close of the merger, as one company, we'll have more vehicles delivered and more miles on the road than any other medium-duty truck OEM. We'll combine that with world-class engineering talent, a best-in-class supply chain and a fantastic manufacturing facility in Union City, Indiana. All of this will be commercially powered by top-notch sales leaders and dealers and a proven executive team. We can't wait to get everything we've just told you underway so we can deliver a best-in-class product to our customers and deliver new shareholder value for our investors.

With that, Rick, I'll turn it back to you to close this out.

Thanks, Scott. Over the next several months, we will continue to work towards completing our transaction with Motiv, which we expect to occur in the fourth quarter of 2025. As we do that, our focus remains on expanding our product portfolio, including by ensuring reliable fleet operations and customer satisfaction in the field as well as finalizing plans for the W56 140-kilowatt production launch in 2026.

We will work with the Motiv team on a planning to integrate our product road maps and R&D technology, allowing us to hit the ground running once the transaction is completed. We will also continue to strengthen our financial position by fulfilling fleet purchase orders, expanding dealer-led sales and continuing to convert finished goods inventory into cash.

Together, the teams will also begin the planning process for our go-to-market strategy and how we will best optimize operations at deal close. I hope you share our excitement for the future of our combined company and see the significant opportunities ahead to win in the commercial EV transition world.

Thanks for joining today's call. And now I'll hand it back over to the operator, Kevin. Thanks.

[Operator Instructions] our first question is coming from Craig Irwin from ROTH Capital Partners.

So this question is really a question for Scott, right? There's different strengths on the Workhorse side and on the Motiv side. But one area where Motiv has kind of invested over the last number of years is the market opportunity in New Jersey. You guys have been working with Hudson County Motors for several years now. And those guys in Secaucus are in a pretty interesting place now that the New Jersey ZIP is the most attractive funding opportunity in the country.

Can you maybe talk a little bit about your history working with Hudson County and the New Jersey ZIP so that the investors interested in Workhorse can understand that. And maybe I need to be corrected about Workhorse's history with New Jersey. But can you maybe give us a scope or approximate number of vouchers you've helped clients procure and if you have any in hand? And if there's anything on the Workhorse side or that could maybe be used for the Workhorse side to facilitate the growth over the next couple of years?

Craig, thanks for your question. It's a really good point. We have a fantastic relationship with Hudson County Motors. I think that's going to expand. And in fact, I think it's a good example of how we can develop relationships in other states, frankly. You probably know there's a voucher program that is continuing, and there's a new voucher program that's being developed in adjacent states, including New York. So we think that's going to be extensible into new locations. A lot of those relationships are going into people mover and box trucks both.

So we anticipate that opportunity will continue through Hudson County and relationships that look a lot like that. So thanks for your question. I think it's extensible to the future. And it really develops this consultative sale approach that I mentioned during my comments, Craig, where we really help sell with the customer and the dealer together and then the dealer kind of gets this delivery done and help serve the customer in the market. So I think that joint effort that we're doing with Hudson County is exactly the kind of model we're moving to where we bring our direct sales approach in with the dealer network that Workhorse has developed. And using that as an example across the country is the way we see the future. Thanks again for your question.

Excellent. Excellent. Then -- my second question, I guess, is for the team, right? Most important thing for Workhorse has been growth, revenue growth and the market has not necessarily been cooperative, right? We've had some very promising programs from the federal government as well as from different state governments, which have had -- some of them had false starts, some have provided a lot more support than anticipated. Can you maybe flesh out for us what the combined company looks like as far as being able to access these different programs? Is this going to be something that's maybe a more effective target for you guys with the combined entity? And what are your thoughts around growth and continued deliveries growth into '26?

Great, great questions. Obviously, there's been a lot of changes in both the federal level and in some of the state levels and some of the government incentive programs and tax incentives. As recently last week, CARB has now republished their new incentive programs for California, restoring the Class 5, 6 type incentives, $85,000 for trucks and up to $165,000 for small business owners. We think that's going to be positive for us.

We've worked closely with other EV manufacturers to help lobby CARB to get that done, and we see a big adoption rate going on in California. So a lot of the large fleets, almost -- both companies, as Scott said, have covered over 10 of the major fleets in North America. We've successfully passed all of our demonstrations there.

One of the issues we had as a start-up company is we had a balance sheet that's a little bit risky. We've already heard from 2 or 3 of the largest fleets, both Scott and myself individually and from one of our dealers, they like this deal because it gives us a stronger balance sheet with a strong financial backer and Motiv primary investor, gives them more of a green light to go try some.

I've talked to one of the largest fleets. They have over 300 charging stations installed out in California that don't have electric vehicles right now because they couldn't find others with electric vehicles that last more than 90 to 120 days. Our trucks are proven in the field. Whether it was minus 20 degrees over Christmas during the holiday season or 118 degrees out in Arizona in the last 2 weeks, our trucks have performed flawlessly. We've had 0 service call. I'll give it back to Scott to give his opinion about it.

Craig, I love the question. Maybe just a couple of other aspects that I'd add on. One of the reasons we have this financing that we structured that comes in at closing is under the condition that we get some of these orders you're just asking about, we're going to have the working capital support for parts and production to get those into the system right away. That's been an issue in the industry in the past. People wait for orders before they can actually order parts. It takes an awful long time to then develop the inventory and build the truck and get it out through a body builder to the customer.

We're trying to circumvent that time frame and really bring it to a much shorter, much more assured delivery date, and we think that will help our ability to deliver against these new orders now. I'd say the second thing, look, we love these voucher programs. We love working with the states. At the end of the day, long term, the successful OEM EV company, truck company is going to have to be competitive against internal combustion engines and diesel engines on an apples-to-apples basis, no vouchers, no cost support, no other support.

And at the end of the day, that's what this transaction can do. We think it gives us the scale. It puts us on a product development road map to do that. And we've already got more trucks and more miles than anybody else. So we're kind of coming down that TCO development curve together after we close this deal. So I think near term, we've got more financial support Rick mentioned. We've got this new debt structure that we're going to put in place to help support orders through those voucher programs. And then long term, our vision is to be the low-cost provider and have the lowest TCO in the industry, and we're going to work very hard to get that.

Scott, just to reiterate a couple of things here. I served on a public company board for over 11 years. And in the commercial step van space, it's been a double duopoly for a long time between chassis supply and body upfit, right? I'll give you an example. We shipped some of our trucks to one of the fleets last September. They arrived in the field in July. That's how long the upfit process took.

We're still the only OEM in North America that can build our own stripped chassis from scratch and put a cabin box on it. It doesn't take much capital investment to go into the upfit part of the business as well. That will be up to Scott and the new leadership team as we go forward. We think we can offer these large fleets rather than have trucks sit waiting to be upfit for 9 to 12 months, we can have it go from order to delivery in less than 6 months. That's a big strategic and operational advantage for this combined company.

Great. I like that. I like this deal. Congratulations for pulling it all together.

Thanks we appreciate your support all the years. We'll see in the field.

Next question is coming from Greg Lewis from BTIG.

Congrats on getting this deal to the finish line. Scott, I did have a question for you. I mean, clearly, the bus business, the Class A school bus business has been really a small part of Motiv business. Like as you think about the opportunity bringing that into -- under the -- merging with Workhorse, just giving to Rick's comments about the ability to kind of really build vehicles, use their chassis, like do we -- how are you thinking about this? Is this a potential opportunity to really ramp that part of the market, which I think everybody is waiting for step vans to get better. But this -- the school bus market does seem like a pretty -- it seems like it's here and now and doing pretty well.

Yes. Greg, I appreciate the question. And I agree with, I think, the direction you're kind of going. It's school buses and it's also shuttles. It's both. They're really the same platform. They kind of have slightly different conditions when you build them. But the underlying platform, the bodies are roughly the same. That market has continued to develop. There's also some financial support for that. And frankly, there's a lot of community support for it because you're putting kids on buses that are much cleaner. And you're putting shuttles on airport and other really tight operations in a much cleaner setting.

So I think there's financial support for it. There's -- and these don't run high miles. They tend to run fairly low miles. So they kind of hit the exact duty cycle that the battery technology, the electric vehicle technology can hit right now. So it's really a nice sweet spot for us. And we think on a cost basis, TCO basis, we're highly competitive against the ICE counterparts in that space. So I agree with you.

I think we're going to bring that together. We'll do more of that as we can together. And -- but we already see lots of opportunity. And I'd say adjacent to that is the municipal space, box trucks, in particular, small work trucks. Again, driven by some of the same underlying demand, these are highly dense urban populations where municipalities, school districts, airports want to have lower carbon impact. So they're really looking at using electric vehicles to help do that. It's a very visible way for them to deliver on the promise to do that. So we think that segment is exciting. It's going to continue to be, in our opinion, robust for the next few years. And as the rest of the commercial duty -- commercial electric truck market develops, that will continue to be a big slice of the pie that we're going to go after.

I'd like to turn the floor back over to management for any further comments or questions.

Yes. Thank you very much, Kevin. In addition to the questions that we just heard, Workhorse solicited questions from shareholders, and we received many of them into the e-mail box. And for this part of the program, what I'd like to do is summarize the ones that were similar and ask the management team members present to respond to the various questions that came directly from shareholders.

I actually will take the first one. In the first question, we were asked, what are the terms of the sale and leaseback agreement? What are the terms of the convertible note? And what are the terms in the merger agreement for closing?

And what I can say there is every one of those documents that you need to get the information out of is filed in the 8-K that was filed with the SEC on Friday, you can find every one of those terms, conditions to close and whatnot and the sale and leaseback dynamics all in there. So it's available. Of course, we'll be filing a proxy as well. We'll have more further details, but you can find the specific information you're looking for right there in that 8-K. Glad we can point that out to you.

So the questions range a wide variety of topics. Let me start with the first one. One investor asked, why is a reverse split on the table in connection with the approval of this transaction? And I'm going to ask Bob Ginnan that question. Bob, why is that?

So the reason is because the transaction involves a potential change of control of Workhorse, Workhorse will be treated as a new applicant for NASDAQ listing and must meet its initial listing standards. Those standards include minimum price thresholds between $2 and $4, depending on other factors. And as a result, we may need to effect a reverse stock split in order to meet these standards.

Okay. Thanks, Bob. We got one more for you, Bob. Can you provide the details on the math for the stated $105 million valuation that was in the press release last week?

Yes. The go-forward entity is being created as a combination of the following contributions: $50 million from the Motiv side of the business contribution, $30 million from the Workhorse business contribution and $25 million, which is a combination of the value of sale-leaseback transaction and the convertible note on an as-converted basis. That totals $105 million.

Thank you, Bob. Scott, I have one for you. Can you provide more details on Motiv's financials or pro forma financials for the combined company given that the Workhorse shareholders will own approximately 26.5% of the combined entity?

Yes. What I can say is that we'll provide quite a bit more detail in our -- in the proxy. I think the timing of that is weeks away now. We expect to file. What I can say is the transaction really strengths the company's financial position, expected to create opportunities for our margin expansion, doing that together, reducing BOM, using volume on the production side and then enabling greater flexibility to pursue future growth initiatives. So I think we're in a good position now. You'll see more details in the proxy. And then the go forward, which we'll talk about in a subsequent presentation to really go after future growth initiatives at a lower cost structure.

Thank you, Scott. A number of folks were -- a number of shareholders were asking questions about product portfolio. So let me ask both Scott, you and Rick, how do you plan to address the overlap in the combined portfolios, specifically in the Class 4 through 6 where both companies have existing products?

Rick, why don't I take that first? I think we both noted that as a combined company, and it was on one of the slides, we'll have a full range of Class 4 through 6 trucks to serve our customers. We think these are the most advanced road-tested products out there. That's going to mean a lot to the -- especially the larger fleet customer, the experienced fleet customer operator that we're going to target.

We'll be developing a Class 5 and 6 cab chassis together. We bring a pretty decent head start on that into the mix. And then we'll be continuing to work on a longer-term cycle plan, product road map, if you will, that really targets that. And back to a question that was asked, we'll be continuing to focus on the bus and shuttle business, something Workhorse has not really played in, in the past. We think that's an extensible growth opportunity as well. So full stack of products from Class 4 through 6, lots of different body configurations that we can support from that and a cost structure that I think is going to be much more attractive going forward.

Yes. Let me jump in, Scott. We're working with the Motiv team on integration planning across all functional parts of the company, including our product portfolio and our R&D road map. There's many details to be determined. At a high level, Workhorse imports a Class 4 cab chassis from China, Motiv uses a U.S.-made cab chassis. So you can factor in tariffs, et cetera. We'll see how that plays out.

On the Class 5/6 chassis standpoint, Motiv uses one from an OEM here in North America, where Workhorse is designed from scratch and built in-house. So Scott and I are going to work on that. We'll get the best products at the best cost going forward. Critical for us, we use different battery suppliers today. We'll have to map out our battery supply situation going forward. And we're going to map out our supply chains to make sure where there's overlap and where there's not overlap, we can kind of see what we can do going forward. So a lot of work to do. Good news is we both have well-qualified set of engineers, both in mechanical, electrical and software, and we'll put those guys to work pretty quickly, so.

Thanks. I think a question for the combined CEOs again, if you don't mind. Is the financing in connection with the transaction enough to fund operations? Or will you need to raise more capital in the future?

Great question. I'll go first. So we believe that the proceeds from the sale leaseback and the convertible note, coupled with the potential for additional capital from our existing secured lender will be sufficient to support Workhorse's ongoing operations through the transaction close and provide sufficient capital to pay down all the outstanding debt owed to our existing senior secured convertible note holder at closing.

Right. And then I'll just add to that, Rick. If you note in the merger agreement, and it's been mentioned a few times on the call, I think there's a condition to close that our controlling investor at Motiv will provide up to $20 million in debt financing, and that's split between some working capital support on an asset-backed lending structure and then just normal operating support against the company's operating cash flow needs.

So I think we've got both of those pieces in place as we hit. And as we get new orders, we can kind of get those orders into the system quickly using that structure. And then also following the completion of the transaction, we'll look to raise additional capital to fund the company's go-forward strategic execution. We'll be talking more about that in the coming months as we get closer to the close. And then lastly, I'd say with a stronger financial position, we'll be better positioned to pursue future growth initiatives as the combined company. That product road map that Rick and I just talked about, expanding our sales activity is something that we'll want to invest in. And so that's -- those are exciting new growth avenues for us as we get this uniform product portfolio put together.

Thank you very much, Scott and Rick. We got a question that we certainly want to answer very specific, Bob, I think I'll ask you, did Workhorse retain any patents when it had the transaction for the Aero division? Can the company still use any of that intellectual property?

So Stan, all the drone-related patents were included with the divestiture of the Aero division.

Okay. I think back to the CEOs, does Workhorse or Motiv have any near-term contracts, regulatory approvals or partnerships or other announcements in the near term that will increase shareholder confidence in the combined company? Or maybe said a different way, are there any potential customers that you'd expect will submit purchase orders only if this transaction is completed?

Great, Stan. We've had conversations with the customers that started since the announcement, and we've received initially strong feedback. I can tell you that I have been on calls since Friday with our largest dealer. He's excited to meet Scott and understand the product portfolio at Motiv and see how he can help us. We're also working with him on a big opportunity for a large order for a fleet.

Second, we've talked to 1 or 2 of the big fleets at my level, and Scott's talked to a couple of them as well. With the stronger balance sheet, with the capability of the manufacturing and the capital they have approved in their future spending, it looks like we can go out and secure some additional orders. We're not going to comment any further until we actually receive those new orders. So it's on us right now, and Scott and I are going to work together to go out and secure additional orders that we hope to close before the deal is finalized.

Yes, Rick, I think I would just add, I have also personally talked to some of our customers, James Griffin, our CROs, talk to our customer base. We've had universal great support from -- for the idea behind this. I think the compelling 8 points that we went through earlier about the support for why this transaction makes sense strategically and financially, I think our customers are pretty quickly seeing that, and they see the benefits that will accrue to them over time. So I'm excited about the feedback we've had in the past few days since we announced the merger.

The other thing I'd say is the timing of this transaction and assuming we close in Q4, it lays in directly to the buying cycle for next year for 2026. Large fleets primarily that we deal with, start doing their planning, their budgeting and their fleet sizing between now and into Q4. And so we fit right into that buying cycle, that planning cycle.

So I really like the way this dovetails into that. So we'll be starting conversations as we start moving toward close with customers about their plans for next year and walking them through how we see the combined portfolio of products fitting into that and how we can support their plans for development of electric vehicle fleet expansion next year. So we're excited about the timing of this. That part is a little bit lucky. Sometimes you got to be a little bit lucky. And I think our timing here is really good.

Just one comment Scott gave me on Monday, he had a call with one of the fleets that we spent an extensive amount of time last year on a demo for over several months. And our truck passed with flying colors, ranges from 50 to 150 mile with payloads up to 5,000 pounds. We didn't miss a beat, but the customer was concerned about our balance sheet and our ability to sustain the company going forward. By putting these 2 companies together and having a clean balance sheet with the right financial backing, that alleviates that issue. And hopefully, we can turn that now into a real PO.

Okay. And I think the last summary question, I think mostly is for you, Scott. I know you've talked about this, but let's come at it again. What's the first priority in driving sales in the new organization? How will the new Workhorse target the market? And do you have any particular customers that you want to attract? Or do you feel like you've got a broad enough group now?

Yes. I mean, look, the secret to success here is these larger fleets at the starting point. We've developed what we think of as a 4-phase program that starts with a pilot. It then often results in a first order and then a multiyear contract with multiple orders after that. That cycle can take anywhere from 12 months to a couple of years to get through. So we want to continue those. We're in those conversations with, as I mentioned earlier, 10 of the largest fleets in North America. All 10 of those are currently commercially operating with one of our companies.

We'd like to get to the next 30 or 40 of those and start that same discussion that we've proven this track record of how we get you started in pilots, how we get you into a single depot operation at some scale and then we use the multiple depot operations, including the infrastructure required and then the maintenance and parts and support and customer service. So I think that continues to -- so we've got this direct sales approach that we take on our side.

We're going to combine that with the dealer network. And from my perspective that's a peanut butter and chocolate combination because it really is a very straightforward. The big fleets that we speak with, they really want to talk directly with the OEM as they start really understanding this transition. Once they get more comfortable, they get enough trucks on the road, the dealer can start to play a much more important role. So we see this as a transition from our direct sales model; the Workhorse model, which is maybe more focused on the dealer side, put those 2 together. And now we work all the way through those 4 phases I mentioned, from early, early adoption in a pilot phase all the way to hundreds and maybe thousands of trucks in the fleet.

We can support that whole journey now in our customer road map. So we'll be combining our experienced sales team with the national dealer network to foster this new team sell approach I mentioned earlier with the dealer groups, allow their sales professionals to participate in the sales process. It's pretty difficult for a dealer to make the first sale of an electric truck to a fleet that's never run an electric truck before. It's a complicated sale. There's a lot to answer on the technology. There's a lot to answer on the economics of these trucks. We like to do that directly and then bring the dealers in as our partner. And that's what the combination of these 2 companies is going to allow us to do at real scale now.

Yes. Let me comment on that just quick. We have experience with a few fleets out there. It's almost followed the exact same pattern Scott talked about. You have to have a successful demo or pilot, which is typically 1 to a few units. Those demos take 30 to 180 days. They're used in different scenarios, range of the route, payloads, et cetera.

If you pass that demo pilot, you can get to an initial order with these are expensive trucks. They can see an order from maybe 5 to 20 trucks. The fleets want to run those trucks now in the field for a year across all the seasons, including the peak season. And if you are successful there and you give good service to the field because sometimes these trucks get banged around, they have a heavy usage, then they make a big decision about are they making the capital expenditures to actually make the transition to EVs.

That starts with the charging systems. And Scott's position on the Board at EVgo helps give him insight to the fleets across the country [indiscernible] going ahead and putting in EV charging systems and also where they're going in by states. And then you start seeing the bigger orders from the bigger companies. And there's a couple who are leaders in the industry, both north of the border and here in the United States.

We think we're well positioned with 2 of the leaders to earn their initial big EV transition design buys. And that's a big capital expenditure. These companies buy these trucks and they hold on them from anywhere from 10 to 15 up to 20 years. What we're seeing on our own stables route is we're seeing paybacks of less than 3 to 4 years depending on the incentive programs going on. So that's a good business decision. This is not going to be driven by incentive programs long term, as Scott said, we have to drive the cost of vehicles down, including battery costs, manufacturing efficiencies. And if we do, we're confident there's a great business case for these fleets to go electric.

And to sort of close that out, I think this merger puts us in really a good position to be able to do that as a real -- one of the real industry leaders with scale and a supply chain that's really excited about supporting us as we start to scale up.

And I can tell you from one of the fleets we deal with, there's 3 or 4 people who have been fighting for that business. One company has been taken off the bid list because their trucks don't last more than 90 to 120 days. Another one hasn't passed the initial pilot phase. So we're well positioned. We got to go out and win that business.

Okay. That actually is -- I think we've wrapped up in summary fashion, the questions that came in from the shareholders. And thank you very much for those of you who took the time to respond. We tried to make sure we got all the relevant questions addressed here. Kevin, unless there's another call on the line, I think we can wrap it up from here.

Sir, do you have any further closing comments?

Well I appreciate the opportunity to -- and thanks for your patience with us. Look forward to rolling up our sleeves and working with the Motiv team to put these 2 companies together by the end of the year. And then Scott can have the baton and he can run the next lap here at Workhorse.

My only last comment is I imagine both of our teams -- a number of our team members are listening, as Tom Brady says, Let's go.

Let's go.

Thank you very much. Signing off.

Thank you. That does conclude today's teleconference and webcast. You may disconnect your line at this time, and have a wonderful day. We thank you for your participation today.