Semtech Corporation Aktie

Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Semtech Corporation's First Quarter 2027 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference call is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to Mitch Haws, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations for Semtech. Please go ahead.

Thank you, and welcome to Semtech's First Quarter 2027 Financial Results Conference Call. Participants on today's conference call are Hong Hou, President and Chief Executive Officer; and Mark Lin, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Today after the market close, we released our unaudited results for the first quarter ended April 26, 2026, which are posted along with an earnings call presentation to our Investor Relations website at investors.semtech.com. Today's call will include various remarks about future expectations, plans and prospects, which comprise forward-looking statements. Please refer to today's press release and see Slide 2 of the earnings presentation as well as the Risk Factors section of our most recent annual report on Form 10-K for a number of risk factors that could cause our actual results and events to differ materially from those anticipated or projected on today's call. You should consider these risk factors in conjunction with our forward-looking statements.

We will refer primarily to non-GAAP financial measures during today's call, and we'll also be referring to results for our first quarter of fiscal year 2027, unless otherwise noted. Please see today's press release and Slides 3 and 4 of the earnings presentation for important information regarding notes on our non-GAAP financial presentation. The press release and earnings presentation also include reconciliations of our GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. With that, I will turn the call over to Hong.

Thank you, Mitch. Good afternoon to all of you joining today. Semtech is off to an exceptional start in fiscal year 2027, delivering record quarterly revenue supported by very strong bookings and backlog. We drove strong sequential and year-over-year revenue and earnings growth, expanded our data center and LoRa design win pipeline, all while advancing our R&D and strategic initiatives. We believe we have built a robust foundation to solidify and expand our presence in key markets. My strong conviction in Semtech's positioning is rooted in the transformation we have seen across Semtech employees, motivation to engage and the partner across the ecosystem and an appreciation for the benefits of collaboration.

The time I have invested has been energizing, and I have appreciated opportunities to join my Semtech colleagues in meeting with hyperscalers, device designers, end customers, module manufacturers and our technical partners to understand their technology roadmap firsthand. Those conversations shaped our R&D priorities and give us first insight into where the industry is heading and how Semtech can remain at the forefront. My team and I spent time with the key suppliers and distributors to round out our understanding of how Semtech can partner with our customers to win from design to delivery.

Looking at Q1, revenue was $291 million, up 6% sequentially and up 16% year-over-year, driven by continued outperformance in both data center and LoRa. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $0.51, up 34% year-over-year. In addition to delivering strong revenue and earnings growth, we are laser-focused on executing our portfolio optimization initiatives. We are pleased to report the divestiture process for our cellular module business is at the final stages. Discussions which are transition and integration in nature are progressing well. We remain confident this business is a compelling opportunity for the right acquirer, and we look forward to bringing this process and transaction to a successful close.

Now let me move on to a discussion of our end markets. For Q1, infrastructure net sales were $98.8 million, up 14% sequentially, up 36% year-over-year, strongly supported by our growing data center business. Our net sales for data centers in Q1 were a record $71.6 million, up 14% sequentially and up 39% year-over-year, benefiting from strong demand across our broad portfolio, the result of sustainably increased customer engagement, portfolio alignment and supply assurance. The strength is anchored by our strong position in our 800-gig FiberEdge portfolio. Demand for our leading TIA solutions is exceptionally strong growing across a wide range of transceiver programs. Based on our differentiated technology and ability to supply both established and emerging module suppliers have qualified us on several new sockets, some on a sole-sourced basis. We understand the module suppliers are winning shares in key mega data center deployments.

On 800-gig linear pluggable optics or LPO, our FiberEdge linear TIA and driver solutions are deployed by several leading hyperscalers across both the U.S. and in China, which contributed to sequential LPO revenue growth, a trend we expect to accelerate over time. We remain confident our foundation in 800-gig will continue to drive revenue growth throughout this year, further augmented by significant opportunities at the 1.6T shipments launching in Q2 and gaining momentum in the second half of the year. On 1.6T optical, we generated significant design wins with the major optical module makers for their 1.6T transceivers incorporating the latest generation DSPs. This contributed to exceptionally strong bookings and backlog to support module ramps in the second half of the year.

We are also seeing increased conviction from hyperscalers around 1.6T linear receive optics or LRO and LPO as a preferred solution for first layer scale-out fabric due to the substantial power savings. Looking further ahead, we are participating in the development of the NPO or near package optics MSA and to see NPO as a meaningful content expansion opportunity for Semtech as 800-gig and 1.6T successes in LPO and LRO give hyperscalers confidence in the next evolution of high-density and low-power optical solutions. We're also developing derivative components with the same core IP in different form factors to support several NPO projects for leading hyperscalers.

We are actively participating in and support XPO MSA and many XPO module designs incorporate our FiberEdge chips as they do in the OSFP modules. We believe XPO provides a very compelling alternative to CPO scale-out. By leveraging liquid cooled capabilities, proven technologies and components and established innovative optical module ecosystem, XPO can provide significant rack space savings along with improved serviceability and better reliability.

On the copper side, we are very enthusiastic on CopperEdge deployment. ACC continues to gain meaningful traction. Customers evaluating ACC against incumbent solutions are seeing compelling advantages in link margin versus direct attached and power savings versus DSP-based solutions. Consistent with our expectations, in Q1, we started shipping CopperEdge 1.6T ICs to our cable partners for deployment at a U.S. hyperscaler. In onboard integration applications, including active backplane, CopperEdge linear equalizers are gaining momentum. Just as we were confident of ACC's acceptance and ramp in the market, we have increased confidence this engagement will convert into design wins and widespread market adoption. Based on our engagements across different sectors of the industry, we believe we are creating a multiyear pipeline of CopperEdge opportunities, design wins and revenue.

Looking forward, we are excited by the opportunity from the HieFo acquisition we completed in March. HieFo is reported in our Signal Integrity Products segment and its indium phosphide photonic products are reported in the data center end market. These products are a strategic building block in 1.6T and 3.2T optical modules and a key pillar in our strategy to support next-generation data center requirements. We believe our Gain chips have become the industry standard, providing higher power and serving as reliable building blocks in tunable lasers for coherent modulation applications in metro and data center interconnects. Gain chip demand currently exceeded our supply, but our capacity expansion plan is on schedule.

We believe our continuous wave of CW Laser design is uniquely differentiated to deliver higher conversion efficiency, superb far-field beam profile and over temperature performance and narrower linewidth. These lasers have been sampled to and evaluated by several major module manufacturers for coherent light modules in scale across applications. Concurrently, we are optimizing our laser drivers and TIAs for coherent light applications. We plan to provide a comprehensive suite of photonic and electronic component solutions for these emerging high-volume applications.

In addition, we are also working with key customers to make dense wavelength division multiplexing or DWDM lasers optimized for emerging CPO scale-up applications based on the newly established OCI MSA. This is exactly the kind of strategic investment we believe creates durable and compounded value. Not just a single product win, but a platform capability that strengthens our position across the broad spectrum of optical architectures our customers are building to work. Semtech is uniquely positioned at this intersection with a portfolio that [ spans ] scale up, scale out and scale across, addressing the full hyperscale interconnect stack across both near-term deployments and next-generation architectures at 800-gig, 1.6T, 3.2T and beyond.

Finally, given the strength and the depth of our backlog, expanding design win momentum and the 1.6T FiberEdge and CopperEdge inflection building into the second half, we are targeting 35% sequential revenue growth in Q2 for data center. which would represent 85% growth over the same period last year. Based on the current order trend, we expect accelerating demand throughout fiscal year 2027 and beyond.

Now moving to the high-end consumer end market. Net sales for Q1 were $38.4 million, up 5% sequentially and up 8% year-over-year. Our TVS business continues to demonstrate impressive resilience and momentum with revenue growth outpacing underlying handset volumes. We continue winning shares and expanding content at the premium brand handset manufacturers. Our differentiated technology is aligned with the right customers and the alignment is translating into consistent design win momentum that we expect to continue.

Beyond handsets, we are actively expanding the TVS franchise into higher-value applications. Our newest SurgeSwitch solution is the industry's first circuit protection device to deliver near constant clamping voltage for high-voltage power delivery applications, addressing a meaningful protection gap as more demanding power standards extend into rugged mobile devices and high-performance portable systems. These are environments that require consistent, reliable protection across extreme temperature range and operating conditions, and our solution is purpose-built to meet that bar. We see this as a natural and incremental content expansion that broadens the TVS opportunity beyond our core handset market.

We continue to expand our PerSe capacitive sensor design wins in specific absorption rate and smart wearable applications. The addition of the force sensor business enriches our high-end consumer portfolio, expand application verticals and pull through some CAP and TVS sales with the same customer base. The synergies we have played out as we planned. For the high-end consumer end market, we expect sequential revenue growth driven by improving seasonality layered on top of the share and content gains that are becoming a defining characteristic of this business.

Moving to our industrial end market. Q1 industrial net sales were $153.9 million, up 2% sequentially and up 8% year-over-year, driven by another great quarter for LoRa. LoRa-enabled net sales were $44.5 million, up 12% quarter-over-quarter and up 14% year-over-year, supported by continued expansion across several application verticals such as smart utilities, smart building, smart city and asset management. As Edge AI transitions from concept to deployment reality, LoRa Plus is emerging as a key enabler. Our fourth-generation LoRa platform delivers dual band capability while dramatically expanding data throughput to 2.6 megabit per second, a step change increase that unlocks new AI application classes.

At the same time, LoRa Plus maintains the best-in-class sensitivity, multiprotocol flexibility and ultra-low power consumption that defines the LoRa advantage, preserving the extended reach and the long battery life our customers depend on. We are seeing LoRa Plus gaining traction across a broadened set of use cases. LoRa connected public safety sensors can now transmit high-fidelity audio and AI verification rather than simple alert. In health care, fall detection systems can relay visual confirmation before dispatching responders. In the industrial environment, predictive maintenance sensors can analyze vibration, thermal and acoustic profile with a level of detail that legacy low-power sensors could not support.

We have established 3 distinct and complementary pillars of our low-power connectivity platforms, LoRaWAN for industrial and commercial deployments, LoRa Plus with multiple protocol flexibility for smart home and security market and Amazon Sidewalk for mass market consumer applications. Together, these growth vectors give rise to an accelerated growth in our LoRa business as we target LoRa revenue at an all-time high with greater than 15% sequential quarterly revenue growth for Q2. Our IoT Systems and Connectivity business recorded Q1 net sales of $88.3 million, down 2% sequentially and up 2% year-over-year.

Our newly released AirLink RX400 and EX400 routers are generating strong industry reception. These are industry-leading low-power 5G cellular system purpose-built for mission-critical applications and the feedback from customers has been consistently positive. I recently attended our annual AirLink Partner Summit alongside national carriers, integration partners and value-added resellers and the enthusiasm for both the router performance and our upgraded AirLink management software was clear. The close collaboration with our channel partners position us to scale successful use cases from regional to national deployments and accelerate this high-margin business.

We are off to a strong start and the momentum is building. Our data center business is firing on all cylinders. LoRa is entering a new chapter of growth and the strategic decisions we have made in prioritizing key R&D efforts, enhancing supply assurance and portfolio optimization are all translating into tangible results and the financial flexibility to pursue strategic opportunities. Our priorities for fiscal 2027 are straightforward. First, accelerating growth by supporting customer ramps with availability and operational excellence required to compete in this capacity-constrained environment.

Second, intensifying R&D investment to add new growth drivers and deepen our solution differentiation, specifically in component offerings for coherent light, CPO, LoRa and sensors; and third, continuing to transform Semtech by strengthening our culture and completing the initial steps of portfolio optimization. We are just getting started and the opportunities ahead have never been more compelling. With that, I will turn the call over to Mark for additional details on our financial results and our second quarter outlook. Mark?

Thank you, Hong. For Q1, we recorded a ninth consecutive quarter of net sales growth with record net sales of $291 million, above the high end of our outlook range. Net sales grew 16% year-over-year, while adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.51 increased 34% year-over-year. Net sales trends by end market, reportable segment and geographic region are included in the accompanying earnings presentation. Adjusted gross margin was 53%, 20 basis points above the midpoint of our outlook and total semiconductor products gross margin was 60.7%, 30 basis points above the midpoint of our outlook, both reflective of favorable mix from our data center and LoRa portfolio. For our Signal Integrity Products segment, Q1 gross margin was 62.7% compared to 67.4% in Q4.

Q1 is the first quarter of operating our recently acquired indium phosphide facility. This facility is in ramp mode to meet very strong customer demand, and I'm pleased with the integration team's progress in meeting its operating and financial targets. We continue to expect gross margin contributions from our 1.6T data center portfolio to be accretive to both our total semiconductor products and Signal Integrity products gross margin. Gross margin for IoT Systems and Connectivity was 35.8%, up sequentially from Q4's 31.6%. Adjusted net operating expenses were $95.1 million, slightly favorable to the low end of our guidance range, reflective of timing on project-related expenses.

Demonstrating the operating leverage in our business, a number of metrics were favorable to the high end of our guidance range, including adjusted operating income of $59.3 million, adjusted operating margin of 20.4%, adjusted EBITDA of $66.4 million and adjusted EBITDA margin of 22.8%. Reflective of capital structure changes, Semtech remained in a net interest income position in Q1. We recorded adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.51, above the high end of our guidance range. Operating cash flow for Q1 was $36.2 million, sequentially down 41% from $61.5 million and up 30% from $27.8 million a year ago.

Free cash flow for Q1 was $28 million, sequentially down 53% from $59.1 million and up 7% from $26.2 million a year ago. Q1 operating and free cash flow reflect fiscal year 2026 annual bonus payments. In addition, net acquisition consideration of $29.2 million is reflected in our Q1 ending cash and cash equivalents balance of $163.3 million. Principal amount of debt was $503 million, unchanged from last quarter.

Now turning to our outlook for the second quarter of fiscal year 2027. We currently expect net sales of $328 million, plus or minus $5 million, up 13% sequentially and up 27% year-over-year at the midpoint, with growth expected across each of our 3 segments. We expect net sales from our infrastructure end market to increase sequentially with projected sequential data center growth of 35%, supported by accelerating shipments of 800-gig and 1.6T components. We expect net sales from our high-end consumer end market to increase, benefiting from improved seasonal trends, market share gain on our TVS products and contributions from our sensing portfolio.

We expect net sales from our industrial end market to broadly grow with accelerating contributions from LoRa, IoT Systems and Connectivity and Industrial TVS. Based on expected product mix and net sales levels, we expect adjusted gross margin to be 54%, plus or minus 50 basis points. Midpoint, this equates to an increase of 100 basis points sequentially and 80 basis points year-over-year. Our gross margin outlook for our total semiconductor products is expected to be 62.1%, plus or minus 50 basis points. At the midpoint, this equates to an increase of 140 basis points sequentially and year-over-year, reflective of stronger data center and LoRa mix. Adjusted net operating expenses are expected to be $105.2 million, plus or minus $2 million.

Included in this outlook is increased R&D spend to accelerate time to market on key data center projects, along with SG&A that declines as a percentage of revenue. We have demonstrated strong returns on our R&D investment and believe we remain prudent on SG&A spend. This results in adjusted operating margin at the midpoint of 21.9%, up 150 basis points sequentially and up 310 basis points year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be $79.2 million, plus or minus $2.3 million, resulting in adjusted EBITDA margin at the midpoint of 24.2%, up 140 basis points sequentially and up 230 basis points year-over-year. We expect adjusted interest and other expenses net to be approximately $0.5 million. We expect an adjusted normalized income tax rate of 17%, consistent with last quarter's outlook.

These amounts are expected to result in adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.61, plus or minus $0.02, up 20% sequentially and up 49% year-over-year at the midpoint based on a weighted average share count of 97.7 million shares.

Thank you, Mark. We can now turn the call back over to the operator for the question-and-answer session.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Rick Schafer with Oppenheimer & Company.

Congrats on another good quarter. If I could. Maybe my first question, I didn't hear you mention it on the call, and I'm sorry if I missed it, but where do we sit now with ACC MSA specs? And when do you expect that we'll get those specs finalized? Because I'm really curious if you think interoperability is holding back the ACC ramp at all? And if you think ratification, I mean, does that create sort of that dam burst moment with some of the other CSPs? So that's my first question. I'm just curious what you think about that.

Yes, Rick, thank you. That's a good question. I did not mention in my prepared script, but that's a good point. So MSA, they announced right around the DesignCon time. They're still working on finalizing the specification. You are right. When every industry participants, they are on the same page, that will help to accelerate the adoption of the ACC. Currently, they are working on the common denominators, as you can imagine, from different cable manufacturers. There are some related to the cable design. There's some performance related to the manufacturing processes. They just wanted to segregate those different impacts and define a standard and specification that every cable manufacturer can go with and sign off for. So yes, that can be a catalyst for more accelerated adoption of ACC.

And for my follow-up, just on the supply side, I mean, you guys are clearly seeing a step-up in growth in 2Q. And I heard you loud and clear talk about acceleration through the year on the top line. So my big question is, I mean, do you see any curves on your ability to capture some of that upside that's coming through, capture some -- continue to capture share like you're doing? I mean -- and maybe if you could level set us on what top line -- basically what top line currently, your current capacity actually supports?

Yes, Rick, that's a great question. This is a time capacity is king. So we anticipated that we started working on the capacity and availability. You hear me like a broken record to talk about making it available over the past quarters. And we started about 18 months ago. I am so happy to say that in this very supply-constrained environment, we're doing quite well. We have the availability. We have the right product. We have the right customer engagement. We can support even the drop in orders. That's why our momentum is building so fast. Going forward, looking into the visibility, the booking and the outlook opportunities, clearly, the capacity we have put in place is not going to be serving us well going forward. And we have already started effort lining up with our foundry and OSAT partners, adding capacity in testing. So we are building capacity further double or triple the current capacity. And that's how our conviction is supporting our current planning process.

Our next question comes from the line of Sean O'Loughlin with Cowen and Company.

Congrats on, obviously, the really solid results and guidance. Hong, one of the things that I perked up at during your prepared remarks was you mentioned the narrow-linewidth CW lasers in the context of coherent light, but then you talked about DWDM and the OCI MSA in the CPO scale-up side. And I thought that was interesting because I think that the CW and ultra-high power lasers is kind of how we're going about CPO for scale-up today, but maybe you're anticipating a shift in how we're going after that in the future. And I was just wondering if you could expand on that and talk about sort of where the HieFo business is investing their time and where there -- is this an organic investment that's coming out of the asset that you acquired? Or is there still more to go on either the hiring front or the CapEx front to make this a reality?

Sean, thank you. That was a very good question. Well, good questions. First, the coherent light clearly is going to be a major application. As data center right now consume a lot of power, you cannot build this mega data center in isolation in more a cluster of data centers. So scale across to be able to interconnect with high bandwidth the different data centers is very, very important applications. I mentioned about my customer sensing trips and talk to 10 different leading module manufacturers. They all supporting our conviction and the vision of the coherent light is going to be ramping up in the mid-2028 in production. We, through the acquisition of HieFo, have the right product. Our DFB laser CW lasers has a narrow-linewidth well below 300 kilohertz. That is so perfect for coherent light applications.

As I mentioned, we have sampled to some key module manufacturers and getting great feedback. So we're in a qualification process for that, building upon the acquired product from HieFo. As for CPO, that's clearly is going to be high-density, low-power, high-bandwidth transport solutions, right, for future scale out and scale up. As I mentioned in the past, just the current way of the CPO, our FiberEdge product is going to be -- is not going to be -- it's not an opportunity for FiberEdge product because the customers will be using integrated solutions.

So we have to be developing application to participate meaningfully in this huge emerging opportunities. This so happened that the HieFo acquisition, the lasers we buy about and also the Gain chips and semiconductor optical amplifiers can really serve the part of the light sources for CPO scale-up applications. So we're working internally, we're also working with the partners to provide high-power DWDM CPO laser source solutions. This is more for 2028 opportunities. So you see our pattern. We're not only investing in the current generation, not only investing in the growth driver for the immediate next year, but the year after that as well. So we got a very healthy pipeline of new products and broaden our portfolio, serving the high-bandwidth AI data center connectivity space.

Awesome. It's very clear. I wanted to ask Mitch, I mean, guiding for, I think, more than $10 million sequentially in OpEx. Presumably, that's not necessarily all going to snacks for the break room, but maybe you could just talk about you mentioned R&D spend and SG&A was coming down as a share of total sales. But where are your focus points? Is it going to hiring? Is it going to -- are there maybe non-CapEx type expenses, prepayments, anything like that? That would be helpful.

Sean, we expect to continue to invest in the business. We've said that, that's kind of our #1 use of capital -- in capital allocation. And the vast majority of the incremental spend is going towards high conviction R&D programs, largely in data center, but also supporting LoRa, and it's not in SG&A. So maybe just allow me to add some percentages to that color, right? So R&D in Q1 -- the Q1 that we just closed, R&D was 17.6% of net sales. That's 20 basis points higher than a year ago. and up 17% year-over-year. But when I compare that to SG&A, in this Q1 that we just closed, SG&A was 15.1% of sales. That's a decrease of 200 basis points, right?

So -- and SG&A as a percentage of sales has been in a steady decline, and we project this decline to continue in Q2. So our OpEx growth is really grounded in organic investment in our core products, data center and LoRa. In terms of the composition of spending, there's hiring and there's project spend as well. But really, I think the key is that we see some very good returns on this R&D investment.

If I may double-click on the 15% SG&A is actually sales and field application engineering are increasing sequentially. So what gets squeezed or getting more operational leverage is SG&A cost.

Our next question comes from the line of Christopher Rolland with Susquehanna.

I want to echo my congrats as well. I did want to double-click on optical, perhaps a question for you, Hong. If you could talk a little bit more about the contributors to growth there, in particular, how much of this is LPO? How much of this is a single module maker versus a broad 1.6T deployment? And any update on timing for CW and SiPh chips would be great as well.

Thank you, Chris. Thank you for your questions. For Q1, the predominant data center revenue is 800-gig FRO and LPO. We do see a clear trend of sequential increase from a mid-single digit reported in Q4 for LPO, we're seeing sequential increase and the 800-gig is the main driver for the revenue for Q1. Into Q2, we're going to be having the early -- the Q1, we also have the early ramp of the CopperEdge revenue to support the second half of significant ramp in the cable demand. So in Q2, we are going to be seeing the continued strength of 800-gig FiberEdge for both FRO and LPO. We're going to be continuing to see the ramp of 1.6T CopperEdge to support ACC for the second half. And we're going to be for the first time seeing the FiberEdge revenue to support 1.6T optical transceivers in the new DSP designs.

As for the revenue source, it's very broad-based. We, as I mentioned, have qualified with almost all module manufacturers, established and emerging ones, and we were able to serve some drop in demand even in Q1 because they were not in the forecast, and they are very important strategically for us to go forward, and we wanted to support their initial volume even within -- well within the lead time.

Yes, sorry, go ahead...

No, no, no. Hopefully, that answers your question for those.

Yes, that did. Maybe switching to the copper side, I think. You answered a bunch on ACCs. I guess my only question there is maybe diversification beyond your main customer. How is that progressing? And then in your presentation, you mentioned linear equalizer, I think, on PCB about active backplane applications. If you can speak a little bit more there and the opportunity, that would be great.

Yes. Thank you. So on the ACC diversification, we continue to having samples being evaluated by multiple hyperscalers and enterprise customers, and that reception has been going well. And as Rick early on asked, the MSA for ACC is going to help as well. And we're actually also seeing the exciting opportunities from multiple potential customers on the linear equalizer onboard. Those are for the real programs, and we have the hyperscaler engagement. We have their manufacturing partner, ODMs close engagement as well. So this is really going well. We do expect, as I said, from linear equalizer onboard on the backplane and also ACC cables, additional design wins in the coming quarters.

Early on, people have some doubt or speculation on copper is to the end of the life. We need to put a terminal value on it, just not yet. It is going not only strong, it's very strong on higher data rate as well beyond 224 gig. We're engaging with customers to support higher data rate as well. So we're very optimistic about CopperEdge product for its growth potential in the future.

Our next question comes from the line of Quinn Bolton with Needham & Company.

I also offer my congratulations on the nice results and outlook. I just wanted to follow up on Chris' question there on the onboard linear equalizer opportunity. You mentioned hyperscalers. But I was going to ask kind of from a signaling perspective, are you guys seeing demand for linear equalizers for both unidirectional SerDes on those backplanes as well as bidirectional SerDes. Can you just talk about your ability to support both UniDie and bidirectional SerDes on those backplanes? And then I've got a follow-up.

Yes. Thank you, Quinn, for that question. Yes, we did get request for BiDi linear equalizer as well. So our current CopperEdge portfolio can only support unidirectional and -- but our engineers have been put on the drawing board, we have a preliminary architecture formulated to be able to do BiDi on one chip and to support the future more compact interconnect topology.

And any idea when that might be ready? Would that be ready calendar '27?

So once the process -- once we define the product definition will go through the simulation stage. Clearly, BiDi integrated in one package need to be very carefully balanced so that they don't have the crosstalk and introducing additional noise, but it's totally doable. And we're just looking at the different competing priorities and getting that defined. So we are in the stage of engaging with the customers and trying to sync up with the model. And therefore, after that, we will allocate resources and start doing the development. The good news is the key building blocks of IP, we already have that in existence. The CopperEdge product, we have 3 generations and going for different noise suppression and different frequency domain equalization schemes. And we have rich building block IPs available to drag and drop and getting a product put together pretty quickly.

Got it. And then I guess, either for Mark or Hong, just you talked about expecting data center growth to accelerate if I've got my numbers right. It looks like with the 35% sequential growth in the July quarter, your data center business in the first half of '27 will be up about 62% versus the first half of '26. Would you care to give us some sense, do you think the entire data center business, could that grow 70%, maybe 75% year-on-year in fiscal '27? I think last quarter, you had expressed confidence in 50% year-on-year growth for data center.

Yes, Quinn, so you're right. In last quarter, that floor number certainly created some confusion. I will not let our growth potential or aspiration. I will not cap that for the year-over-year. As I said, Q2 to Q1, we are very comfortable about sequential 35% quarter-over-quarter growth. And based on the visibility, the backlog and the booking we have, we can comfortably say in that second half, the growth rate is going to be accelerating because of the additional growth drivers in 1.6T CopperEdge and FiberEdge, 1.6T and HieFo optical components. So it's going to be an exciting year in FY '27, and we'll be having the unprecedented year-over-year growth.

Our next question comes from the line of Cody Acree with The Benchmark Company.

Congrats on a very strong quarter outlook. Maybe, Hong, can you maybe just talk about your LPO and 1.6T optical expectations, whether that be through module partners? Or is that more hyperscale driven?

Yes. So Cody, thank you. The 1.6T, the current design wins we have from multiple major module suppliers and serving different end markets. They're either hyperscalers or a GPU company providing the system solutions. So the initial ramp is going to be FRO fully retimed optics. And we do have the linearized drivers and TIAs provided to the module customers. They're in an evaluation to do LRO or LPO at 1.6T. But the initial volume ramp is going to be FRO, and we do have the right product in the pipeline to be evaluated by our module customers.

And Hong, can you maybe help us frame the total available addressable market for both ACCs and LPOs as you exit this year and look into next?

Yes. So Cody, I think we will probably -- when we think that portfolio cleaned up, we're going to be having a Tech Day or Analyst Day. And at that time, we'll be providing more comprehensive TAM projection and -- for our broad product portfolio. So at this point, we are just aggressively attacking the opportunities ahead of us. We will be having more quantitative information provided in the future.

Our next question comes from the line of Tristan Gerra with Baird.

Given the commentary about Broadcom CPO ramping in volume not until 2029 and the potential for ACC to be at 800-gig per lane, how should we look at the duration of the double-digit growth that you see in ACC? Obviously, the business is very strong now. But do you think that, that business continues to grow 3, 4 years from now and how well positioned you are from a technology standpoint, particularly as we get new waves of switches that have stronger SerDes?

Yes. Tristan, thank you for the question. So yes, Broadcom, clearly, they're the industry leader. They provide outstanding SerDes quality. And with a good signal integrity, that has been the essential performance enabler for the linear redriver. And because if the signal come out not very good, linear redriver cannot make it whole a lot better. So we are the pure beneficiary of the Broadcom good SerDes rather than a victim. Their 100-gig, 200-gig and go into 800-gig per lane in the future, they can go for a certain distance, the so-called bump-to-bump link budget. The redriver -- linear equalizer can only make it better to stretch the reach to improve the signal integrity compared to the cables or trace without it.

So this is really a complementary capability. It's not like their better SerDes would not need a linear equalizer in a way, as you know, that the current ACC cable customer, they are using Broadcom SerDes as well. And we have our linear equalizer in ACC cable to support the interconnects. In their CPO is primarily my understanding, the current road map to support CPO scale-out. They are the leading switch provider anyway without a CPO or with CPO. So motivation for them to do CPO could be a little bit different from the other leader in the industry. That's for 800-gig per lane, and that is 2 generations ahead. And in general, as the data rate goes up and the transmission distance is shortened.

And the rack on the other hand, is going to be going bigger. So the topology will have to require a longer length. So you can do CPO to have the optical scale up, but you always have some traces. It's just a tool or a cue to use optical scale up. And by putting a redriver in between, you may as well just extend the reach well long enough to allow the copper scale up. So this is a complementary capability. I think it's going to be there for a long while.

Okay. That's very useful. And then could you talk about your medium-term views on LoRa? Clearly, it's rebounding. We're past the inventory accumulation that we saw 1.5 years ago. Where could this business grow in the next few years? How does that improve the mix? And also, any update on whether the deployments that you see this year and next year are primarily driven on the base station side or the actual sensor side? And I don't know if there's any numbers to back up versus base station product for LoRa?

Yes. So yes, there are several questions. Let me try to address a couple of them. First of all, the growth potential we see is really exciting. As we mentioned, the 3 things we did and increasing the bandwidth and increasing the LoRa capability by adding other RF protocols to unlock new application verticals like security, like a smart building and the mass market like Amazon Sidewalk. Those are all bringing new growth drivers to LoRa. The second question is really a good one. Tristan, you know this market well. And we see if a year ago, LoRa growth has been primarily on the end nodes. So we are increasing the end node right now to 150 million end nodes. And -- but started from last 9 months, 12 months ago, and our integrators has been commenting, they are adding new gateways. That means they have more sensor devices and they need to improve the coverage and capacity.

So that with the gateway increase, and they will be just pulling in more capacity for end use -- end node applications. So that's why we see this LoRa's growth driven by the 3 pillars is going to be sustainable. One wildcard is the Edge AI application. So it's an exciting opportunity, and we're just starting. So we have been helping the market and generating a lot of collaterals and making the market enablement effort to accelerate the growth on that. Thank you, Tristan.

Our next question comes from the line of Kyle Smith with Stifel.

This is Kyle Smith on for Tore Svanberg at Stifel. I'll also echo my congratulations on the really strong print and guide. I think in your prepared remarks, you mentioned that Gain chip demand currently exceeds your supply. So a bit of a 2-parter. One, it would be really helpful if you could kind of quantify the degree to which that demand exceeded the supply. And then secondly, I know you mentioned that your capacity expansion plan is well on track. But maybe when do you kind of expect your increase in capacity to intersect with the demand that you're seeing from the market?

Thank you, Kyle. The Gain chip, as you know, HieFo and its predecessor, EMCORE has been a leading supplier of Gain chip integrated into the tunable laser for metro and the coherent applications, we have a solid customer base. And after the acquisition of HieFo by Semtech, we have a lot of inbound interest from the customers that HieFo has not been able to serve. So you aggregate those -- the demand will probably outpace the capacity by about 3x or so. So we clearly are adding capacity by adding more shift by adding more manufacturing space, which is primarily clean room and by adding more process equipment. So we are doing very creative ways to expand the capacity. We expect by the end of this year, we can get the capacity increase by about 3, 4x and end of next year and it's going to be another 3, 4x so to serve the high-end coherent market.

That's really helpful color. And I guess pivoting over to LPO and LRO, I mean, it's pretty clear that the market is growing and the opportunity just continues to expand. So I guess from your position today, based on the outlook kind of that you provided on the call, to what degree do you feel that, that raised guide is coming from potential market share gains? And then to what degree do you feel it's more so coming from just the market as a whole expanding meaningfully as we kind of see these deployments take shape?

Yes, Kyle, I think the LPO, LRO, we see the growth is primarily driven by the customer shift from FRO to the LPO, LRO. The reason for that is that they evaluate their connectivity topology and to see where they can save power. And we do expect in a year or 2 timeframe, the linearized solution will account for 25% plus/minus of the total transceiver mix.

And our final question comes from the line of Craig Ellis with B. Riley Securities.

Congratulations on the strong results. I wanted to start off just with a clarification. So clearly, we're seeing much higher growth here than we were expecting 3 months ago with the business seemingly tracking in the 70s range now versus LoRa of 50% earlier. The question is this, where across TIAs, LPOs and ACC, are we seeing the greatest acceleration versus what we were expecting 3 months ago?

Yes, Craig, that's a great question. We were on the road right after OFC, the dynamic has picked up pretty dramatically. The demand across the board, not on just one product across the board for FiberEdge, CopperEdge, 800-gig, 1.6T LPO, LRO and lasers, they all have demonstrated such a strong demand. So it's broad-based.

That's very helpful, Hong. And then one of the things that's clear from your prepared remarks and here in the Q&A is just the significant visibility you have in the back half of the year. Can you characterize across the different product groups? To what extent does that extend? Are you actually getting visibility into fiscal '28? Or is it really at different points into the back half of this fiscal year?

Yes. Back half of this year into the first half of fiscal '28.

And we have reached the end of the question-and-answer session. Therefore, I'll now turn the call back over to Mitch Haws for closing remarks.

That concludes today's call. Thanks to all of you for joining us today, and we look forward to seeing you at various investor events over the coming weeks.

Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Semtech Corporation's Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2026 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference call is being recorded.

I would now like to hand the conference over to Mitch Haws, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations for Semtech. Please go ahead.

Thank you, and welcome to Semtech's Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2026 Financial Results Conference Call. Participants on today's conference call are Hang Ho, our President and Chief Executive Officer; and Mark Lin, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I would like to highlight upcoming investor events, including the optical fiber communications conference sorting tomorrow and the Roth Technology Conference on March 23.

Today after market close, we released our other results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year 2026, which are posted along with our earnings call presentation to our Investor Relations website at investors.semtech.com. Today's call will include various remarks about future expectations, plans and prospects, which comprise forward-looking statements. Please refer to today's press release and see Slide 2 of the earnings presentation, as well as the Risk Factors section of our most recent annual report on Form 10-K.

For a number of risk factors that could cause our actual results and events to differ materially from those anticipated or projected on today's call. You should consider these risk factors in conjunction with our forward-looking statements. We will refer primarily to non-GAAP financial measures during today's call. We'll also be referring to results for our fourth quarter of fiscal year 2026, unless otherwise noted. Please see today's press release and Slide 3 of the earnings presentation for information regarding notes on our non-GAAP financial presentation.

The press release and earnings presentation also include reconciliations of our GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. With that, I will turn the call over to Hong.

Thank you, Mitch. Good afternoon to all of you joining today. Semtech closed fiscal year 2026 with a significant momentum, achieving a record $1.05 billion in net sales, a milestone that reflects the progress we have made and the trajectory will be -- lies ahead. We drove strong sequential and year-over-year revenue and earnings growth, advanced our data center road map to capture compelling design wins opportunities and continue to optimize our product portfolio, all while executing on the R&D and expense initiatives, we believe positions Semtech for an exciting next chapter.

Looking at the Q4, net sales were $274.4 million, up 3% sequentially and up 9% year-over-year. For the year, revenues were $1.05 billion, representing annual growth of 15%, driven by continued strength in our data center and the lower portfolio. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $0.44, up 10% year-over-year.

For fiscal year 2026, adjusted diluted earnings per share were $1.71, growth of 94% over the prior year. In addition to delivering strong revenue and earnings growth, portfolio optimization remains a key focus of execution. As announced earlier this month, we acquired HFO Corporation, which represents an important strategic building block for Semtech. Tipo is a California-based manufacturer of high-efficiency indium phosphide-based optoelectronic devices, including game chips and the CW laser chips that are critical components in the optical transceivers are in today's data centers. Put simply, [ Hifumix-lighting ] meeting building blocks that site a hard on high-speed optical entertainment.

The strategic rationale is straightforward. -- as data center architectures evolve to 1.60 and 3.2T. -- the complexity of optical interconnect increases dramatically by bringing HieFo's proven indium phosphide laser technology, together with the Semtech's industry-leading TIAs and laser drivers, we can codevelop and co-optimize performance across the laser modulator in driver interface. And increased some tax content opportunity from high single-digit dollars in an 800 gig module to about $80 in a 3.20 module.

We believe this combination will result in a more integrated, more efficient ship set, one that reduces system power consumption and gave the hyperscaler a differentiated solution for high-bandwidth optical transceiver modules. We have developed a comprehensive investment plan for our Hamburg, California facility, to expand domestic capacity and accelerate the product development, integration of HieFo into Semtech's operation is underway, with the transaction expected to be accretive to non-GAAP diluted earnings per share within the first year.

We are generally excited about the people and technology joining Semtech and we see significant untapped potential for high efficiency lasers in different interconnect applications.

Finally, we continue to make progress on the divestiture of the cellular module business, and we are increasingly encouraged by the level of interest and engagement. We remain confident this business represented a compelling opportunity for the right acquirer, and we remain focused on bringing this process to a successful conclusion.

Now let me move to a discussion of our end markets. For Q4, infrastructure net sales were $86.3 million up 11% sequentially and up 25% year-over-year, strongly supported by our data center business. For fiscal 2026, infrastructure net sales were $310 million, growth of 27% over the prior year. For Q4, net sales of data center were a record $63 million, up 12% sequentially and up 26% year-over-year, benefiting from strong demand for our broad portfolio, including our market-leading fiber edge -- is whose net sales set another record.

In Q4, we also started shipping into LPO transceivers with revenues in line with the outlook we provided on the last quarter's earnings call. year 2026, our data center revenues were a record $223 million representing an annual growth of 58%. Our optical and copper product lines are firmly established with hyperscalers as a differentiated and high-performance offering.

Power efficiency has become one of the defining constraints of the modern AI infrastructure. As hyperscalers major data center capacity in megawatts the ability to move data faster while consuming less power at the networking layer is no longer just a differentiator ESMenabler.

Our analog solutions address this directly enabling operators to scale next-generation architectures at 800 gig, 1.6 and eventually 3.2T. Demand for 800-gig PIA solutions remains strong and broad-based with an increasing momentum throughout 2026. At 1.6T, we are engaged across a wide range of transceiver programs and expect volume ramps to build as hyperscalers roll out their new XPU and switch platforms using reduced power of 1.60 transceivers throughout the year.

On LPO, design wins with several leading U.S. hyperscalers validated our TIA and driver solutions in 800 gig transceivers. We are very excited to be a member of the new XPO MSA to define specific patients and enable high bandwidth, high density and low power switches. By combining with the low loss copper entertainment, such as flight over wires, our linear redriven PCB traces, some hyperscalers are becoming increasingly bullish on 1.6T LPO instead of using LRO for the first layer of the scale-up fabrics.

We continue to expand our LPO IC portfolio with 1.6 LPO drivers and TIA is expected to come to market this year. In supporting further proliferation of low-power linear optics, Semtech, along with other industry leaders are developing MPO, our near package optics MSA for low-power, high-density and high-bandwidth solutions.

Successful deployment of 800-gig LPO transceivers gives hyperscaler confidence in MPO at the next evolution of the optical solutions. We are excited by the increased content available to Semtech in MPO deployments. Active copper cable, our ACC continues to gain significant traction. Customers evaluating ACCs against the incumbent solutions are seeing compelling performance advantage in the form of a robust linked margin and transformative power savings versus DSP-based solutions.

Alongside our cable solutions, customers are increasingly evaluating our corporate leader equalizers for onboard integration to enhance signal integrity across high-speed links and opportunity, we are confident we'll convert into design wins over the coming quarters. One of these use cases is active back point using copper edge ICs, which our cable partners will demonstrate at OFC.

Finally, we co-authored the ACC MSA, helping establish ACC technology as a leading solution for low-power and high-performance copper links. Members of the MSA span IC, XPU and cable suppliers, or in partnership with major hyperscalers. We believe the ACC MSA accelerates adopts and curve for the entire industry. By establishing common specifications, we reduce fragmentation lower deployment risk for hyperscalers and make it easier for the ecosystem to develop around ACC as a standard, not just the proprietary solution, that is good for customers, is good for Semtech.

We look forward to seeing many of you at OFC starting tomorrow. This year, we are showing live demos across several of our key product areas. They tell a clear story about where Semtech is positioned in the data center interconnect market. Starting with copper. We are demonstrating 1.60 ACCs running live traffic to adidas 224 gig [ SerDes. ] We also show in next gen recent 448 gig per channel copper edge chips as the AI clusters scale -- the demand for low power and low latency copper interconnect continues to grow, and we think we are very well positioned to meet the market.

On the optical side, will be demonstrating NVIDIA's 1.60 DRA transceivers powered by some tech TIAs and laser drivers, running NVIDIA Switch platform, will also be demonstrating 100 Ethernet, which running live traffic over both single mode and multimode fibers supporting FRO, LRO and LPO configurations across the [indiscernible] 6 platform, our field on Semtech silicon.

We are thrilled to demonstrate the breadth of our optical portfolio across a multi-vendor ecosystem. We will also be demonstrating our next-gen recent 448 gig per channel modulator drivers and TIAs addressing increasing bandwidth demand to support future generation AI workloads. We're also showcasing our indium phosphide CW laser and game chip technology for tunable laser applications with outstanding power efficiency over temperature performance and the far field beam profile products from our type of acquisition.

Across copper and optical and both near term and next generation gives us a tremendous opportunity to show Semtech's position across the full hyperscale interconnect step. We believe we are positioned for multiyear growth opportunities supported by our expanded portfolio. We expect to start shipping copper Edge for the 1.60 ACC hyperscaler deployment this quarter, with demand accelerating throughout the year. We also expect fiber edge design wins for 1.60 transceivers with a significant ramp in the second half of the year.

Additional revenue growth drivers in the near future are expected from additional design wins for ACC and other hyperscalers, linear equalizers onboard across multiple customers. gate shifts and CW lasers in transceivers and our market-leading 400-gig FiberEdge and copper edge products for 3.2 interconnect solutions.

Given the breadth of our data center portfolio and designing traction across the expanding set of customers, we expect data center year-over-year revenue growth this fiscal year to exceed 50%.

Now moving to our high-end consumer end market. Net sales for Q4 were $36.6 million, down 13% sequentially and up 3% year-over-year. Net sales for fiscal year 2026 were $155.1 million, up 5% year-over-year, driven by both our TVS and per se product portfolios. Consumer TVS revenue continues to ramp well ahead of handset volume growth, and we expect another year of revenue and design win momentum.

We expect consumer TVS revenues to increase next quarter, a function of improved seasonality and share gains at a leading handset manufacturers. In addition, per se continues to broaden its design win footprint with adoption expanding across smart glasses and smartphone platforms in supporting both current and upcoming product launches.

The integration of the force sensing portfolio is progressing well with the initial product shipments already underway. Customer engagements and design win activities continue to build and we are increasingly optimistic about the cross-selling opportunities. This combination unlocks across our combined customer base.

Moving to our industrial end market. Q4 industrial net sales were $151 million, up 3% sequentially and year-over-year. With another solid quarter for LoRa, for the full year, industrial revenue was $584 million, 13% over the prior year. LoRa enabled net sales were $39.6 million, in line with the Q3 and up 7% year-over-year, supported by continued expansion across several application verticals such as smart utilities, smart beauty, smart city and asset management.

For the full year, LoRa revenues were $156 million, representing full year sales of 34%. We had a strong presence at the CES this year, showcasing new LoRa application use cases, 4 themes highlighted in our presence, AI integration multi-protocol connectivity, global network expansion and the convergence of the industrial and consumer IoT together, reflecting a technology that is broadening its reach across a growing range of markets. HII emerged as another defining trend as sensors increasingly process data locally for latency, privacy and bandwidth reasons, our collaboration with an ecosystem partner demonstrated how LoRa on and I work together to enable predictive maintenance in industrial environment.

Demand for a solution that combines LoRa with multiple protocol flexibility is accelerating. In order to facilitate LoRa adoption, we recently signed an agreement with a technology partner to support software development to activate and support other protocols. We are rolling out a Z-Wave first with a Z and a threat and matter to follow. We expect beta units will be available to deployment partners in Q2 of this year, as multiple protocol smart home and security solutions.

The markets moved towards a cynical skill solutions is exactly what LoRa is be starting to address reducing complexity for customers while expanding our addressable markets. Customers who purchase LoRa plus transceivers now get royalty free access to an SDK and development tools, silicon and software together from a single source.

Additionally, Amazon and Ring announced a new line of LoRa powered sensors spending security, safety and home control applications, all operating on Amazon Sidewalk in plans to launch this product in the U.S. in March, followed by expansion across Canada, Mexico, Europe, Australia and Japan. This demonstrates lower readiness from mass market consumer adoption at Amazon scale, a significant evolution from this industrial and commercial routes.

The ecosystem continues to scale, now spending over 125 million LoRa and connected devices across 70 countries well beyond the early adoption and into mainstream deployment. With lower technology, we now have established 3 pillars of low-power connectivity platforms. lower on, Lowes with multiple protocols and Amazon sitework.

With this, those vectors, we believe LoRa long-term drill rate to be approximately 20% on and quarterly sales to reach from $35 million to $45 million. Our IoT systems and connectivity business recorded Q4 net sales of $89.9 million, up 2% sequentially and down 3% year-over-year.

For fiscal 2026, we revenues were $354 million, up 9% compared to last year. We continue to bring products to market that address gaps in how industrial customers connect remote infrastructure. In Q4, we launched the AirLink RX400 and the EX400 the industry's first rugged 5G RedCap routers, purposely built for mission-critical industrial deployments. These routers delivered 5G performance with less than 1 watt of the idle power roughly 1/10 of the draw of standard 5G equipment, making solar and battery backed deployment practical for the first time. This allows our utility oil and gas and transportation customers to operate in remote locations where great power is not always available. Customer engagement at the distribute pack in February reinforced our conviction that this product is well timed to address a real market need.

Looking back on fiscal 2026. I'm proud of what the team has accomplished. We delivered strong revenue and earnings growth through disciplined executing a differentiated portfolio and a relentless focus on the customers and the markets where Semtech can win. This was not just a strong year financially. It was a year in which we fundamentally strengthened Semtech foundation.

Looking at where we stand today, I'm more confident than ever in our positioning. The AI data center build-out is one of the most significant infrastructure investment in a generation -- and we believe Semtech is well positioned with a broad purpose build portfolio of solutions designed for 1.6T and 3.2T error. We believe our continued investment in our core assets through R&D and acquisitions helps ensure we are not just keeping pace with the next-generation technology. we are helping to define it.

And importantly, we now have the financial flexibility to diligently evaluate and pursue the strategic investments that will accelerate our pets. We entered fiscal 2027 with the momentum with a clarity of purpose and with the stronger Semtech than we have had in years.

I want to thank our employees, our customers and our shareholders for their continued confidence in us with just getting started and the opportunities ahead has never been more compelling. Our key focuses for 2027 fiscal year include: One, accelerating business growth by supporting customer reps with sufficient availability and strong operational metrics as we compete in a capacity-constrained environment; two, intensify R&D investment to add new drug drivers and solution differentiation by maintaining diligent governance of R&D investment with the goal of driving customer wins and delivering strong financial returns; three, transform tech by strengthening our winning culture and making major progress in portfolio optimization.

With that, I will now turn the call to Mark for additional details on our financial results and our outlook for the first quarter of fiscal; 27. Mark?

Thank you, Hong. For Q4, we recorded our eighth consecutive quarter of net sales growth with record net sales of $274.4 million, above the midpoint of our outlook and up 9% year-over-year. For the fiscal year, net sales were $1.05 billion, up 15% year-over-year. Net sales trends by end market, reportable segment and geographic region are included in the accompanying earnings presentation.

Adjusted gross margin was 51.6%, above the midpoint of our outlook. Total semiconductor products gross margin was 61.7%, up 40 basis points sequentially and up 350 basis points year-over-year. Total semiconductor products gross margin was above the high end of our outlook range. The result of favorable mix from our LoRa and data center portfolio. We expect gross margin contributions from new data center products from our copper and optical 1.6T portfolio ramping in the second half of this year will be accretive to both our semiconductor products and Signal Integrity Products gross margin.

IoT systems and connectivity gross margin was reflective of mix related to net sales growth and cellular modules with Q4 at 31.6%. Adjusted net operating expenses were $91.5 million, slightly above the midpoint of our guidance range. Adjusted operating income was $50.0 million. Adjusted operating margin was 18.2%, adjusted EBITDA was $57.4 million, and adjusted EBITDA margin was 20.9%, with all of these metrics above the midpoint of our guidance range.

Reflective of capital structure changes, Semtech was in a net interest income position in Q4 at $0.1 million, which reflects a sizable change from the $11.2 million of net interest expense reported a year ago. For fiscal year 2026, adjusted net interest expense was $11.5 million compared to $70.6 million in fiscal year 2025.

We recorded adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.44, above the midpoint of our guidance and full year adjusted diluted earnings per share was $1.71. Operating cash flow for Q4 was $61.5 million, sequentially up 30% from $47.5 million and up 84% and from $33.5 million a year ago. Free cash flow for Q4 was $59.1 million, sequentially up 32% from $44.6 million and up 91% from $30.9 million a year ago.

Operating cash flow and free cash flow for the stand-alone fourth quarter each exceeded the amounts reported for all of fiscal year 2025, driven by improvements in both our capital structure and operating performance.

Strong cash flow generation has allowed us the operational flexibility to invest in R&D projects as well as to invest strategically via tuck-ins. The increased R&D investment in our core data center LoRa and sensing portfolio has yielded strong returns. The aggregate consideration for the sensing portfolio we acquired in October 2025 and the laser and gain ship business we acquired in March 2026 is less in the free cash flow we generated from Q4.

I believe our balancing of R&D spending, along with prudent use of capital for capacity expansion and acquisitions positions us to generate meaningful long-term returns for our shareholders. We ended Q4 with a cash and cash equivalents balance of $195.2 million and debt was $503 million, unchanged from last quarter.

Our adjusted net leverage ratio was 1.3 as of the close of Q4, down sequentially from 1.5 and down year-over-year from $2.3 million.

Now turning to our outlook for the first quarter of fiscal year 2027. We currently expect net sales of $283 million, plus or minus $5 million, up 13% year-over-year at the midpoint. We expect net sales from the infrastructure end market to increase sequentially, supported by projected sequential data center growth of 12%, including initial copper age production shipments supporting a hyperscaler at the tail end of the quarter.

We expect net sales from our high-end consumer end market to increase about 9% sequentially or about 13% year-over-year, benefiting from improved seasonal trends, market share gain in our TVS products and contributions from the Force Sensing portfolio we acquired in the fourth quarter. We expect net sales from our industrial end market to be about flat with LoRa increases offsetting decreases in IoT systems and connectivity.

Based on expected product mix and net sales levels, we expect adjusted gross margin to be 52.8%, plus or minus 50 basis points. Our gross margin outlook for our total semiconductor products is expected to be 60.4%, plus or minus 50 basis points, down 130 basis points sequentially and include initial ramp costs from the HieFo acquisition.

Adjusted net operating expenses are expected to be $96.9 million, plus or minus $1 million, resulting in adjusted operating margin at the midpoint of 18.6%. Included in the higher first quarter adjusted operating expense outlook, our R&D costs associated with the addition of the Force Sensing business, along with increased investment support of our growing data center portfolio, including the HieFo acquisition.

We have demonstrated strong returns on our R&D investment and expect incremental returns from these investments. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be $59.5 million, plus or minus $3 million, resulting in adjusted EBITDA margin at the midpoint of 21%. We expect adjusted interest and other expense net to be approximately $0.5 million.

We expect an adjusted normalized income tax rate of 72% for all of fiscal year 2027, an increase from 15% in fiscal year 2026 due to a geographical shift in pretax profits. These amounts are expected to result in adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.45, plus or minus $0.03 based on a weighted average share count of 96.6 million shares.

Thank you, Mark. We can now turn the call back to the operator for the question-and-answer session.

[Operator Instructions]. Our first question is from Sean O'Loughlin with TD Cowen.

Congrats on the solid results and continuing to execute on your strategy. I wanted to ask a question on the HieFo acquisition. I think the strategic rationale you laid out is pretty straightforward. But wondering if you could expand on the initial applications you're targeting, it sounds like mostly transceiver side.

And then maybe more importantly, where are you for the Indium phosphide-based products in the qualification or design cycles at some of your customers? And what should be our expectations for when some of that starts to fold into the to model in a material way?

Yes. Thank you, Sean, for the question. So the HieFo product right now in production is a game chip use in tunable lasers. Those are the high-end lasers to support the transmission over 80 kilometers, 40 kilometers for metro and data center interconnect applications by leveraging about 4 decades of laser design experience and they have been the leading supplier for gaining chips for IPL.

This is a product already in volume production and demand is increasing. And right now, it's capacity limited. So this product for 2027 probably will be contributing roughly about a high teens level of revenue. But we are adding capacity as we speak in the second week and a proud owner of this asset.

We have also demonstrated will showcase tomorrow at OFC, the intensity modulated direct drive lasers our CW lasers used in optical transceivers. This laser is really well designed to support high conversion efficiency. For example, well plug efficiency at the room temperature the 42%, that is much higher than a typical about 25%.

Then over temperature performance is outstanding and the [indiscernible] profile is outstanding. So that make it much easier to couple into single modfiberour silicon photonics waveguide. And we do not have enough capacity right now to support the industry demand after the announcement, you can just imagine, we've got multiple customers reaching in and asking for samples. So we will be able to provide samples to the key customers to support the evaluation in when we are building capacity to support the future is.

As for putting in the model, probably once we have a better understanding on the equipment lead time and the capacity in the future periods, we will provide more guidance on the revenue contribution from laser CW lasers. Right now, we're planning to intercept at 3.2 transceivers, of course, it can support 1.6T transceiver as well.

Great. And I appreciate all the color there. If I could just ask a real quick follow-up maybe for Mark on that topic. How should we be thinking about the CapEx line as you talk about those capacity expansions at Alhambra, I guess maybe Hong alluded to the answer to this question in his previous comment about understanding equipment lead times, but how everybody in the indium phosphide industry seems to be ramping capacity? And are you guys, I guess, for lack of a better term, at the back of the line there?

Yes. So the CapEx intensity is moderate. And the fab already have the key capabilities. Right now, we just need to selectively adding capacity in some areas. So the -- I know the whole industry is ramping up in equipment and equipment fab equipment in high demand as well. but we will be very creative in combined with a new and used market and to look at the fab and test equipment. The intensity, I would say, of the CapEx can be easily supported with, say, for example, 1/4 of the free cash flow as we have demonstrated in the past quarter.

Yes, Sean, the ramp is over multiple quarters, but I think Semtech's world-class operations team is on it. We really had the planning during diligence and the other good news is all of this CapEx, I believe, is qualifies for 48 investment tax for at 35%, and then there's some additional government programs that are available, especially to strengthen U.S. semiconductor manufacturing capacity.

Our next question is from Tore Svanberg with Stifel.

Hong, Mark, congrats on the results. So my first question is on copper Edge. So as that business now starts to ramp in fiscal '27, can you give us any sense for how big that could be, maybe tens of millions in dollars. And if you can't give us the size perhaps you could at least give us the mix between actual ACC cables versus linear equalizers.

Yes. So Tore, thank you for the question. So we are supporting the ramp, we're getting forecast and we're getting the materials ready as we gave the guidance in our prepared remarks towards the end of this fiscal year -- well, this fiscal quarter, in April time frame, we'll start shipping to the cable manufacturers who are our direct customers to support volume ramp in the mid of the year. So everything is on schedule.

As for the mix between DC and AC is still -- they are in the process of right now doing the direct level testing system validation. So we will be getting a better idea probably by -- in a month on the support. But we are getting the long-range forecast so that we can get a wafer starts in the fab and prepare the material readiness, as I indicated, that's a very key focus for our operations. So at this point, it's still too early to tell. But as for Linear Ecolizer on board, there are multiple customers supporting our activities and the -- I do believe that some of those based on the level of engagement, it will be getting qualified within the coming quarters.

So just on the leader equalize, the ACC side, the MSA establishment with 112 founding members our tasks and at work already started drafting the specific cases. This is still the early stage of the ACC in some customers experiencing the different customers experiencing different performance. It is very important to have this MSA and to drive the specification and educate the industry that what to expect with a certain level of the reach and gates and data rate.

So with the common understanding of MSA I do believe this technology is going to be proliferated much faster. So we have already seen some other hyperscalers lining up to getting their reg designed by using ACC.

Yes, that's very helpful. And as my follow-up and maybe more of a clarification question. So you talked about lower growing 20% longer term. But then you talked about a $35 million to $40 million quarterly run rate. You just did $40 million. So what exactly is that 35-45 range? I mean, are you expecting some volatility this year? Or yes. If you could just clarify what you meant by that.

Yes. Thank you, Terry. So historically, we have been seeing our trend of LoRa revenue has been increasing. But quarter-to-quarter, it's a little bit bumpy due to the project-based deployment of demand. That's why we give a range of plus/minus $5 million. But you see that sliding scale continue to go up with the center point. So I feel like I have never been this excited about our LoRa strategy. It's really with the dual-band to increase the bandwidth to address edge AI applications with LoRa plus to really get multiple applications in one SKU with the software and hardware are supported by us, and with Amazon, the sidewalk in the mass market.

So adding the value-added market we at the mass market really, we got multiple cost drivers. So I think that's why giving us conviction that 20% growth rate is very doable. One we can help the the ecosystem to adopt our LoRa plus protocol faster, we expect the X3 to accelerate.

Our next question is from Christopher Rolland with Susquehanna

I guess my first one is on the Indian phosphide laser acquisition. I guess, first, a clarification. This is all going to be internally manufacturers materials. I just wanted to clarify that.

And secondly, if you could talk about maybe your go-to-market strategy here and maybe even some revenue synergies with some of your other parts, are you going to kind of bundle this with fiber Edge? What -- are you going to perhaps go direct to hyperscalers? How are you going to approach this market?

Yes. Thank you, Chris. That's very good questions. To answer your first question, yes, the fab we acquired is vertically integrated, namely, we do the epro of epi wafers, we process wafers. We test it internally, and we do use the ecosystem on back-end packaging to increase the capacity. So that part, we are doing really well. This lasers because of the move real process -- so we do internally, that's how we are able to get the superior performance in conversion efficiency and over-temperature performance.

As for your second question, go-to-market strategy, you are absolutely right. We know that 100 gig per lane in transition to 200 gig per line that already put so much stress into the ecosystem. So we're really challenging the device designers with the performance margin. And when we evolve the data rate to 400 gig per mine, they really not hold a lot of margin to give out. So the codevelopment and co-optimize is so key in order to get the best electronic component with the best after electronic component. So now we own 2 sites of the question. So we'll be able to make a match to provide the best integrated solution.

And when we have that, we will provide the chipset with the reference design to our customer base. This way will be helped to accelerate the time to market for them and in return, will make our components more sticky. Right? So you use this kind of the electronic component like a TIA, a laser driver, modulator driver using our optical components, you will pretty much get a guarantee to work to deliver 400 gig performance. That's why we're saying we anticipate the major cut-in point is 3.2T transceiver modules. It could be earlier than that.

That's great. That's a fantastic strategy. One question I get from investors is around the eventuality of CPO, particularly for scale up Jensen here GCC was talking a little bit about the coexistence of both copper and optical in the rack, but some pushback I get from investors is around the role of copper, the closer that optical moves to the ASIC.

Obviously, you're expanding your market with lasers here into the CPO world. But perhaps you could also address that kind of pushback on copper where you see copper playing a role, not only in the next 2 years, but all the way through 2030, for example, even as you move CPO to the ASICs.

Great. Thank you, Chris. I listened to Jensen's call as well. So basically, what I was trying to say over the last year that he clarified it so well. So copper scale up is always still to be there. And CPL scale up is only more -- making more sense in the multi-rack systems. For example, he was talking about Albon and the 576 across 8 regs that way, because you're using active copper cable, it's very hard to get regs our point-to-point interconnected.

So you use the first opportunity, the signal out of the XPU to convert into optical. Optical not only be able to interconnect within rec and -- but it can also interconnect between regs.

The same thing for the [ Cibra ] platform, I was talking about NB1 that's also an 8 reg system on the NVL144. And that the CPO scale-up makes sense. So in general, I think the copper scale up is going to be the mainstream. It's going to be primarily used for within the rec the CPO scale up is going to be used in multiple reps. So don't put a terminal value on the copper debt.

And the industry also are formulating an NPO near package optics as a complement to CPO. So this way, CPO is one company thing, right? but NPL can define a specification to have specific geometry the IO pinout and keep our zone to leverage the entire ecosystems innovation to make it more scalable, more affordable.

So when in a CPO, we may not have much content in there, except for lasers, but in NPL, we will be all over the place with the laser drivers and TIAs and lasers and even silicon photonics modulator, as I mentioned, that is a very natural expansion of our portfolio by internal development.

Our next question is from Tristan Gerra with Robert W. Baird.

You've talked about the rising interest from hyperscalers about -- could you talk about the recent RECAP announcement and what it does to the LPO ecosystem? And any way to quantify what the ramp is going to look like medium term and when you expect the big inflection point in LPO revenue.

Great. Thank you, Tristan. So XPO, Arista just released that MSA. We are a very active member of the XPO defined high-density, low-power provide high reliability MSA for front panel switch, for example, to keep the same relics, but they will be able to collapse the form factor from essentially 4 RU into 1 without giving out any capacity. So it basically removed the packaging overhead because of liquid cooling is available, they can develop the cold plate so that getting between the optical transceivers.

And that is just great. And really that build upon the confidence on LPO and built upon the innovation from the entire ecosystem with multiple module manufacturers. NPL on the other hand, is a little bit more involved because that's involved the development of common specification on, say, Geometry [indiscernible] the IOs and the short line configurations -- so essentially, MPO is in a way XPO onboard. XPO is high-density package on the front panel of the box. In both configurations, we're going to be having a lot of content in there.

Again, the laser and the modulator drivers, the modulator itself and I -- and so we welcome this type of MSA. It's really going into our direction.

Okay. That's great color. And then for my follow-up, you've mentioned in the past some ACC opportunities on board. Could you provide maybe a little bit more feedback on what that is, what exactly is the use case for that? And how meaningful that could get over time?

Yes. The copper edge line Ecolizer on board. Our customers are defining 5, 6 different use cases in all to utilize the redrive capability to extend the link and improve the linked budget. So it can be on the switch, can be on the merchant DPU Board can be on the ASIC Board of hyperscalers, can also be on the backplane in an active back point by our cable partners.

Our next question is from Quinn Bolton with Needham & Company.

This is Robert on for Quinn here. Congrats on the quarter. Just 1 on you've been doing -- you've been active in doing acquisitions and have expressed intent to increase R&D with some of your capital up into this point. But any updates on potential divestitures -- last we heard, I think, ongoing and roughly in the third or fourth inning. So any update on that process would be great.

Yes, Robert, thanks for calling in. I'm not really good at sports analogies, but I think that we're making good progress. I'm optimistic in a good conclusion. At this point, I'd say that maybe incremental from last quarter, the the interested parties are spending some dollars on external consultants, so financial due diligence and on legal costs.

So we're at that stage. And when when there's additional kind of skin in the game, I think that does point towards a successful conclusion of the cellular module divestiture in the near term.

And just as a follow-up, it sounds like there are many tailwinds coming across for LPO as well as copper -- and I think last week, we kind of heard them ramping kind of in a similar time frame this year. Can you just refresh that for us? Is it sounds like ACCs could be ramping a little earlier now -- and then which do you see as the larger revenue opportunity over kind of the coming 12 months?

Yes, Robert, so we gave the time line ACC ramp. It's on time, on schedule, and then the 1.6T fiber edge product. And then beyond that, as I said, could be leading the ACC with other hyperscalers, linear equalize on board and lasers and 400 gig. So we like them all. And at this point, it is too early to tell which one is the bigger opportunity develop. We like them all and are going to be contributing pretty significant ways.

Our next question is from Joe Moore with Morgan Stanley.

You talked about 1.6 starting to grow in your GI business and other places. Can you talk about the line of sight that you have to 800 still growing? I assume it's still growing for now and you're layering in the higher speed on top of it. How long will that persist? And what point does it start transitioning over more?

That's right. So Joe, we did mention in the prepared remarks, the 800 gig is foundation -- the growth is strong. Demand is strong and broad-based. So that's the given that goes very strong, at least throughout FY '27. And as for the industry rolling out new XP use and then out the IO goes to 200 gig. So they're going to be evolving into 1.60 and in a low power 1.60 optics we are actually very well positioned even better than 800 gig.

Our next question is from Craig Ellis with B. Riley Securities.

Guys, congratulations on both the execution and a really strategic looking acquisition. Hong, I think near the end of your prepared remarks, you commented that you thought data center year-on-year revenue this year could be up around 50% one, just confirming that I heard that right? And two, can you help us understand what the biggest growth drivers are or rank the growth drivers that you see driving that to great growth.

Yes. Thank you, Craig. Yes, you heard it right. Year-over-year, we expect the data center revenue to grow 50% this year. So the driver is with hyperscaler 1.6 FiberEdge second half of the year and then there might be even leaner equalizer onboard contributing to the growth.

That's helpful. And then, Mark, congratulations on the strength in YouTube Hong on the strength in semis gross margin and what we're seeing in signal integrity, it's really nice to see those mid-high 60s levels reobtained. The comments on accretive second half products, are we signaling that gross margin for the segment could start with a 7 handle later this year or next year? Or would you still expect to be in the 60s?

So the -- the new products that we introduced do have accretive gross margins. So I'm very pleased with that. It's a great return on the R&D that we put into the products and they do contribute to growing gross margin. But -- we still also have other products, so at 800 gig, right? So I'm not expecting it to be in the 7s, but firmly in the ZIP code.

Yes. Well, congratulations on where it is.

Our next question is from Cody Acree with Benchmark stone.

Maybe just following up on Craig's question. You didn't mention LPOs among the drivers of that 50% data center growth. Any reason for leading that out? And maybe can you just talk about the breadth of expansion of your engagements with ACC and LPOs over the last few months and how you expect that to those to progress over the course of the year.

Thank you, Cody. So yes, the LPO continue to grow and as we said that Q4, we delivered just as we gave the guidance, mid-single-digit and signal the first ramp and to continue to ramp on the LPO, but we got them in the fiber edge product category, so included in there. The LPO adoption is proliferating, and that's also built the confidence for this XPO and NPL strategy. Then ACC is also getting more and more accepted better industry.

I mentioned that the hyperscaler -- 1 hyperscaler started ramping mid-year. And then more hyperscalers are embracing this ACC as well. Linear equalizer with multiple customers, the engagement has been going really strong. So I do believe that we not only have drivers lined up for this year and have multiple drills drivers lined up from future periods beyond FY '27.

Great. Mark, any thoughts on your OpEx trends for the year?

Yes. So I'm pleased that we're able to have the flexibility to invest in the business. Our outlook for next quarter in OpEx growth is really R&D. So I believe we've demonstrated strong returns on our investment. And our investment in R&D certainly yields stronger returns than interest expense, for example. But we do remain disciplined in our R&D investments, focusing on our core data center portfolio on LoRa and per se. And the 2 recent acquisitions, do you have some incremental R&D, but these are in our core portfolios.

Our last question is from Scott Searle with ROTH Capital Partners.

Just real quick on LoRa. I wondering if you could provide a little bit more color in the past. China was such a big percentage of the mix. I'm wondering how it was in the quarter and the pipeline of opportunities there. We continue to diversify away from the Chinese marketplace. And as part of that, Sidewalk has cropped up from time to time as being a large opportunity. It's been, I think, slow to date. I'm wondering if you could calibrate when we might start to see that contributing in a more meaningful fashion? And as a follow-up, -- just on the protection and sensing side, I think you indicated that there was a large win that kicks into the first quarter. I wondered if you could just clarify that and provide any additional color.

Okay. Thank you. Laura, right now, the gas is broad-based across multiple regions. China certainly is a good driver. And in Europe and in North America, as is equally strong. install benefited from multiple growth drivers out there. So sidewalk, certainly, it had a little bit of fall start several years ago. And -- but at OFC, not OFC, in January, they had over 10 product demos, all embedded with LoRa chips inside.

So they're going to start to deploy in March in North America. -- had a clear plan to proliferate into other countries. So we will see this time, but that can be a pretty significant opportunity for Semtech, so I will let Mark address the TVS question.

Yes. So TVS, we're seeing growth above, let's say, a proxy of handset volume -- unit volumes -- so we have a number of good design wins in TBS. And also, there's a little bit of a geopolitical tailwind that we believe is sustainable over a number of quarters. That's leading to our better-than-seasonal guide for Q1.

Great. Nice job on the quarter.

Thank you. I would now like to hand the call back over to Mitch Haws for any closing remarks.

That concludes today's call. Thanks to all of you for joining us today. We look forward to seeing you at various investor events over the coming weeks and at OFC starting tomorrow. Thank you.

Thank you again for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines.

Welcome back, everybody. I'm Joe Moore, Morgan Stanley Semiconductor Research. Very happy to have the executive team of Semtech, Hong Hou and Mark Lin with apparently some breaking news I'm told around a facility acquisition. Maybe you could give us an overview of what you just announced in the last few minutes.

Sure. Thank you, Joe. Good afternoon, everyone. You probably haven't get a chance to read the news yet. It's just crossed the wire. So we acquired a semiconductor laser company, indium phosphide-based lasers designed for high efficiency for optical transceivers and more ideally in the CPO, MPO modules and also for the tunable lasers for metro and DCI applications. So this leverage more than four decades of the innovation from the good old for us being around for a long time. Ortel was founded in 1980. It was the first company to commercialize the DFB lasers and Ortel was bought by Lucent. Lucent was bought -- that division was bought by Amkor when I was the CEO there. So now going a full circle, we just acquired that company called [ Hifil ].

Okay. And maybe help us what does that unlock for you guys? Obviously, you have a very strong business in sort of copper capable technologies and this push into optical. What does it help?

Yes. So definitely, we have been focusing on growing our business in the core asset area. Data center is one of them. And for optical transceiver space, Semtech is known to be a provider of the best TIAs for high-bandwidth optical transceivers with the data rate creeping up from 100 gig per lane to 200 gig to 400 gig and also the pursuit for low-power solutions, the LPO and also the DSPs with the manufacturer -- the advanced nodes that require driver solutions as well. So we are expanding our play -- our content in optical transceivers with the drivers. But that's about it for the electrical space. On the optical side, this really set a strong pillar for us to build a platform to provide comprehensive component solutions with the lasers and then we can get into the modulators and in the future, even photo detectors. But the lasers technology we bought in the fab we have indium phosphide-based high efficiency and provide wall plug efficiency well over 40%. So that's about the best, most efficient lasers in the industry. So certainly, that gives us an anchor to really build this comprehensive portfolio for 3.2T optical transceivers and CPO and NPO where they also need high-power lasers.

That's great. Thank you. So I always appreciate breaking news at our conference. Maybe we could wrap that into a discussion about your data center business. Can you talk about your overall positioning within data center and give us an overview of some of the products? And then feel free to wrap in anything that you just acquired into that.

Yes. So our data center -- we have a pretty diverse portfolio and our TIA and Tri-Edge business and TIA in the FiberEdge category. As we are reading the same report, there's going to be a very strong increasing demand for 800-gig optical transceivers. For single mode, we have a pretty good market share, about 50%. So that demand is growing, and that's the baseline. LPO introduction, we announced in the last earnings call that is going to be a milestone for the industry to move to high power efficiency, low-power consumption solutions like LPO and that start ramping.

So adding a growth driver on it. The importance of LPO also that's a prelude in my view, is MPO or CPO because it's all going to be DSP less solution. And then we have the copper product, as you alluded early on, the copper edge to provide redrive solutions to extend the reach in the cable or in the copper trace on the PCBs.

So the ramp for hyperscalers is going to start midyear this year. That's adding another step function. Then 1.6T, the early deployment, we were -- we had a very minimal play in there. but the industry is moving from 5-nanometer DSP to 3 to 2-nanometer DSPs in the second design cycle, we are front and center in there. So that's representing a step function on top of this baseline and a couple of incremental growth drivers. Now with the high-power lasers, we'll be able to provide optical solution co-optimized with our drivers and TIAs. So it's going to be good for the industry.

Okay. Very helpful. Looking at the TIA market, we've seen really strong market for optical transceivers -- there was other breaking news at this conference about prepurchases of optical components. Where do you stand within that supply chain? Are you tight? Is there other components that are tight around that? And that shortage of optical transceiver seems to be not quite at DRAM HDD levels of seriousness, but approaching that?

It's pretty tight. So we anticipated this because we have been engaging with our customers' customers very closely, like cloud service providers and GPU and CPU companies and ASIC designers as well. We know this is coming. And in my last earnings call three months ago, I was one of the priorities is to make capacity available. The current manufacturing partners, they are in allocation mode for the capacity. The good thing is we build ahead a little bit, and we -- that created a little briefing room and buffer that give us time to qualify additional foundry capabilities and capacity. So we'll be out right for the next 12, 18 months as we see the trajectory in our forecast.

Okay. And I guess, you're getting visibility into the next 18 months given the repurchasing activity and things like that.

That's right. So we have this long called a co-planning process with the lead customers. Their supply chain has the keen interest to make sure that their suppliers -- their supply chain is robust. So they give us forecast, we're able to get the wafers started way before their demand, but we have certain level of commitment, mutual commitment. And that model has worked out very well. We have expanded the co-planning process from a year ago, one customer to currently seven customers, so.

Okay. And is that growth also strong in 800 and 1.6, both .

Yes. So 800, we had visibility early on. So we were more prepared. 1.6T is coming, coming very strong, and that's a part we have additional capacity in the fab partner foundry qualified.

Okay. But that growth comes on top of what's still growing 800.

Exactly. Yes.

Okay. Helpful. Some of the new opportunities you talked about, copper edge and ACCs. Can you talk about the advantages of ACCs and where you're seeing initial traction there?

Yes. The ACC compared to the counterpart, the DAC, the direct touch copper, it can only go up to about 1 meter long. That's amazing. Actually, if you think about it. There is a 200-gig per lane, but cannot go longer than that. So the alternative is ACC or AEC. We know AEC has been very successful, demonstrated, but ACC consume 90% less power. And that is really very compelling to this hyperscaler, we worked with them a few months ago.

It takes a lot of effort for them to qualify for platforms. So now we are finally about ready to ramp on supporting their multiple applications primarily used in the backplane. The copper edge, in the meantime, it doesn't have to be integrated in the ACC cables. It can be integrated on the board to redrive to stretch the rich of the high-speed signal across the board and between boards. So that's -- I'm just so excited with every time when I talk to my product marketing guys. About a year ago, when we were start doing evangelical work and people were very skeptical and we turned them to somewhat curious. Now it's fully engaged. I will say by this time next year, when we talk again, I would definitely project the linear equalizer copper edge onboard is going to be a pretty substantial part of the revenue contribution.

Okay. So you have one kind of initial customer, but you think -- by this time next year, we'll be talking about more than one.

One initial customer on the cable for high volume. We got 3, 4 smaller volume customers -- but the linear equalizer onboard, we got multiple major customers ongoing right now.

Okay. And did that business participate in the NVIDIA ecosystem? Or is it mostly an ASIC.

It can be. It can be. Yes, the ASICs and GPUs and even the switches, wherever it is fundamentally, when you have a link budget issue challenges, say, from bump to bump, either 35 dB or [ 30 dB ] and every twist and turns, you have losses. So how are you going to be bridge the link budget? Well, you can use redriver or retimer. It's obvious redriver is just a very seamless and consume a lot less power than redriver. So I think that's based on that fundamental is going to be used in many different platforms by many customers and the industry is getting more educated. They feel more increasingly comfortable with the redriver solution by closely working with us starting from modeling to test to qualification corner test and to eventually volume deployment.

Okay. And how durable is that opportunity? I mean, it seems like -- some of that may migrate to optical over time as well.

Yes. So recently, I heard something like you say, "Oh, we need to put a terminal value on copper because this is going to be all optics. I can assure you that was my thinking about 20 years ago. Try to kill copper but the copper is getting stronger and stronger. So for scale up, it's always going to be -- copper is the predominant media. You have a printed circuit board. I don't know printed fiber optics board. So in the shorter distance, you are going to be using copper. This transition from copper to optics you pay overhead. So I would say probably up to 800 gig, you don't need optics to scale up.

But the co-packaged optics CPO is totally legit. They co-package with a switch die. So now the industry has a comprehensive ecosystem that can support liquid cooling and with one rack can consume 600 kilowatt or higher. And they can put the switch, the first level switch in the fabric in the rack, and that's co-packaged optics is first scale out, right? So scale up in special use cases, it may be happening in 2, 3 years. But right now, I think...

Maybe longer than that even. I mean, it seems like it a lot of the decisions around that have not been finalized yet, who's using what scale up?

Right. So the good news is we have solutions for copper, we have solutions for fiber as well. If they move from copper scale up to fiber scale up, fine. We have TIAs, we have drivers. Now we have lasers as well. With lasers, we can build silicon photonics modulator because our laser has the best far field pattern. That -- what does that mean is our laser light can couple into silicon photonics waveguide with very minimal loss.

Okay. Great. And then LPO, you've talked about in your initial comments, where are we with regards to potential adoption?

So the LPO adoption is a little different compared to ACC. ACC is more tied to a new platform design. So if they decide to use ACC and combine with the deck, and that's how all the backplane is going to be constructed that way. The LPO is more like the customers has been used it opportunistically. For example, in their system design, they all of a sudden found "Oh, there 2, 3 kilowatts shy in power budget." And they can say, "Hey, look, this is the same form factor, totally interchangeable." And for shorter reach, they can replace retimed transceivers with LPO transceivers. So we're seeing the ramps from the quarter we just finished, and we see this is going to be continued, but it's a gradual ramp.

The significance of LPO is really building the confidence in the industry is evolving into this MPO near package optics solution. You don't have to commit pin out and other perimeters for XPU for co-package, but leave the socket open and bring all the optics near the XPU. Then when your XPU ready, it just drop in, of course, you need to clear definitions through multisource agreement, whether is the geometry, pin out, keep out zone, shoreline density, all of that. We're very active in participating in that MSA, but NPO is stemmed from the good success of LPO in terms of signal integrity.

Okay. Great. So you have a lot of growth drivers in data center.

TIAs, I'm very excited about...

Like 6 months ago, we were talking more about new products, but the TIA market also looks very exciting, exactly, at this point.

And then after 200 gig, we have 400 gig, right? So the industry is continuing to push for the innovation in the upcoming OFC in the next 2, 3 weeks. We're going to showcase multiple chips from TIAs to drivers, to linear equalizers operating at 200 gig per second.

Okay. Great. Turning to industrial. LoRa was pretty strong in Q3. Can you talk about the outlook for that business and help us sort of size the exposure?

Yes. So LoRa continue to be very strong. Traditionally, the LoRa has been used widely used in three vertical markets. Smart metering for water meter gas meter is really long range, low power and very robust connectivity serves very well. That continues to be strong, but you only have so many meters and then the battery works for 15 years.

We'll continue to have a good business on that asset tracking and connected spaces. The most recent application drone has been really fantastic. The commercial drone and our product manager show the display, the Chinese New Year, they don't light up the fireworks anymore. They launched drone show each fleet, they get 20,000 drone that can change the pattern and other different colors, it's a fantastic -- and of course, the slow attitude economy in China, that's a very fertile ground for a lot of innovations.

So drone is fourth vertical -- and because of the bandwidth increase using dual band, we're not only using LoRa to send control signals, but they can transport with a very respectable bandwidth right now is at a 1.6 megabit per second.

That's increased from 10, 15 kilobit per second. So combined with some compression technology, people are developing use cases for edge AI. So they can take a snapshot, steel picture, send it back for archiving -- and for shorter distance like within a couple of hundred meters, you can even have the live video we demonstrated at -- at CES a month ago.

So that's high bandwidth, we benefited from that in unlock other vertical with edge AI. Then this Gen 4, LoRa plus, its LoRa plus another protocol, unlocked some other applications like security in smart homes. So we'll continue to expand the application use cases in different market verticals. We can easily see that business continue to grow at 15% to 20% year-over-year growth rate.

Okay. And can you give us a little bit more color on the Gen 4 multiprotocol, what that does?

So Gen 4, basically, people like the LoRa and -- but they wanted to have some other like a BLE protocol to say, the building managers, they wanted to send out kind of like a command to lock out all the doors in the building, and that works really well. But it has a little bit latency. And -- but you combine with another protocol like a BLE in there, near term is short is BLE and -- but not losing the LoRa feature. You basically have 2 IoT protocols in 1 -- and we have LoRa plus BLE, ZigBee, Thread, Matter and Z-Wave. And of course, each protocol, you need a software development kit to activate it, and we are doing one after another.

Like many silicon labs in a way.

Yes.

Okay. Great. And then maybe just to round out the markets, high-end consumer a lot of anxiety about memory constraints and what that might mean for the -- for some of the consumer businesses. Can you talk about that?

Sure. Mark you want to...

We're still pleased with our high-end consumer end market. In this area, we've been outpacing, let's say, just handset unit growth, and this is really due to Semtech's ability to capture market share and increase our content within the device. The last quarter, we talked about various TVS Transient Voltage Suppression devices. These aren't commodity devices. We're really protecting high-speed ports and to be able to clamp down the voltage and meet our customers' requirements on a high-speed data line.

It's not something easy to do. So in that case, we still feel very strongly about that market. We also have within that high-end consumer market is our per se sensing portfolio. Within that portfolio, we have what we believe is a leading-edge product there for sensing. Traditionally, it's been used in handsets to detect how close the handset is to a person's body, kind of lower the power, be form a way, meet specific absorption rate requirements. This is also an area where we had a nice small tuck-in acquisition at the beginning of the quarter. We're adding not only our per se product, we're adding a force sensing product, a force touch product. It's a really nice combination of 2 areas.

And this force sensing product that was really on our product road map. This was a clear way of maybe expanding on the make -- buy versus make thesis rather than wait 3 years, we had a portfolio that was available to us at quite a reasonable price. I think last quarter, we said it's well under 1 quarter of operating cash flow.

Okay. That was from Qorvo.

Correct.

Any other acquisition targets that you guys think about or any capabilities that you might need within really any of the businesses, which you know...

Yes. So we're constantly looking at our road map and most of the ideas and projects and desire stem from the interaction with the customers. when we provide a solution, they ask, do you have that? What about this? Okay. That's defined our road map. So Mark mentioned about this force sensor. It was on our road map and you come to make or buy opportunistically when that asset became available, we just snapped it. Here, this acquisition we just did the HFO in that category as well, there has been a little bit longer pursuit.

We know that for the data center growth in order to grow the content, for example, we have the aspiration for 800-gig optical transceivers. We provide TIAs. Our content is only high single digit. I wanted to be growing into high double digits by 3.2T. So we got to grow, but you can't really do the me-too to chase the market, especially when the market grows so rapidly, and we have to be able to think ahead and build some differentiations.

So that's on our road map, and we pursued others and didn't come through, but this one, we drop to the finish line. This is a very exciting opportunity for us to put another anchor to build a platform. I use that analogy. As for other targets, certainly, we are having strong aspiration. We got more ideas to drill, but nothing at this point. It's close to...

Sure. I think we've been pretty prudent and selective in targeting on acquisitions. And we're bringing that same muscle memory from how we invest in our organic R&D. R&D is -- we increased R&D, but the return on this investment for our R&D, it's been proving out LoRa data center per se. And this acquisition that we just announced today, consideration is about $34 million. So very, very prudent use of capital to really expand Semtech's market share, markets.

Yes. That's great. Maybe we could talk about the Sierra Wireless situation. How do you think about the outlook for IoT Cellular? And is the divestiture of noncore assets still something that you?

Yes. Maybe I'll address the divestiture. So this is of the cellular module business, which we've spoken about and we discussed on our last call. This business is still performing quite well. Backlog and order rates are still quite strong. This business though has about a 20% gross margin. So it just doesn't fit in Semtech's portfolio. It's a great business that fits in someone else's portfolio.

The process for divestiture is ongoing. It's an active process, and we have multiple touch points a week and diligence calls and whatnot. So it's difficult for me to peg a time in terms -- because it moves the deal speed, but I'm very -- I believe that the deal is pending, optimistic that we can get this to a close.

Okay. And then what do you think the gross margin profile of the company looks like post divestiture.

Sure. Just historically, if you strip out this business, we're approaching close with striking distance of 60% gross margins. And what Hong was talking about in these growth areas, especially in data center, right, it's accretive to that -- very accretive to that 60% gross margin. Last quarter, we reported that our Signal Integrity Products segment had a 65% gross margin and new product introductions would be accretive to that 65%. So really kind of for a company in our space, having a gross margin starting with a 6% is really where we should be.

Yes. Great. Well, look, you've had a great tenure as CEO. Maybe just I'll open up for questions, but just to close for me. The opportunity that you've delevered the company and now you're able to focus on these growth drivers, it seems apparent that sort of that delevering process was a major focus in the beginning. At this point, you're really focused all forward on growth.

That's right. Yes. So we have come a long way in a short time. So certainly, when I started about 20 months ago, with the CEO. So we kind of map out the 3 stages. It's a little bit tongue and cheek. We say some tech rising. We need to absolutely beef up our balance sheet to fix the balance sheet. We had a leverage ratio of 9.5x, $1.3 billion net debt, and we do not have any operational freedom to do anything aggressive.

So Mark has led the effort. We benefited from the good market as well. We did the financing. We now today totally fixed the balance sheet. We have well over $600 million liquidity. We can do things somewhat more aggressive. But even in that time, the second pillar of the Semtech Rising is we are a technology company. We have to delineate what is the core, noncore and invest -- accelerate invest in the core area.

So that's why we were able to gain market share in the data center. That's why we were able to expand our portfolio with a limited financial capability. And the third thing is the employee morale. We're not sure what the future of the company is through the Semtech Rising initiative, we built the transparency, build the trust and getting the whole company going into the same direction.

So that has been great. Then what? The second step was the Semtech transforming. So it's again, tongue and cheek, but it's really significant. We wanted to optimize our portfolio, some noncore assets we're doing divestiture. I would say we're well within 20-yard line.

So -- and I'm optimistic it's going to happen. And then we're adding things in the core asset area and to really evolving ourselves from the commodity component second source supplier to the leading solution provider. We wanted to be in a room when a new standard, new solutions come about.

For example, last week, we instigated and founded the MSA for ACC that drive a standard and benchmark how to do test, what kind of performance you should expect. We're going to do the same thing on MTO side. And then we have, again, as I said, have a pretty aggressive plan and very exciting road map. We're going to increase R&D investment. Now we have the capability, we can do that. And we're going to continue to look around some tuck-in opportunities. Then the third step, we wanted to be the industry leader in the area we are in, Semtech excelling, deliver higher growth rate than peers, deliver higher operating margin than peers. So we -- I think we're well underway and we're pretty excited about what's ahead of us.

That's helpful. I actually did have one additional question. Just your relationship with hyperscalers, that seems really important when you're sort of pushing in these data center markets. Are they coming to you with projects, things that they want, sharing their road map with you?

Yes. So it's not easy. Sometimes it just take the persistence, but the overarching principle is the customers, they are so busy. They don't want to meet you if you don't add value. So good thing is in the beginning, I had a good connection and I was able to keep the doors open. And when I got my guys in, they really see the analog design is not easy. We are really known, that gentleman in the back was telling me that I was so happy to hear that. Yes, so we were able to do modeling end-to-end signal integrity in the beginning, you must have a model, we have a model as well. Now they realize Semtech has a really very robust model. So before they define a platform architecture, they wanted to check what are the boundary conditions. Can this be achieved or not? So we're the guy, and that's really a great position to be.

Great. With that, let me see if there's questions from the audience. If not, we'll wrap up there. Thank you so much.

Thank you, Joe.

Thank you Joe.

Okay. We're going to get started. I think this might be the last session of the day, but we're into late afternoon. So very pleased to have Semtech. I'm Tim Arcuri. I'm the semi and semi equipment analyst. Pleased to have Semtech. We have Hong Hou, who is the CEO, and we have Mark Lin, who's the CFO. So thanks, Hong and Mark.

Thank you.

Thank you.

So let's just -- I just wanted to go back, and I thought your quarter was sort of a watershed quarter in a way because now you've got a large customer ramping ACC and really proving out the design. So can you just talk about that? Can you talk about sort of review some of the highlights of the quarter and maybe talk about the data center opportunity, really?

Yes. Thank you. So we just announced our Q3 results last week, early last week, and we achieved the sequential revenue growth. And in our core assets, I want to highlight in the data center area, we had the revenue growth sequentially 8% and we project the revenue to continue to grow in an accelerated pace in Q4 for 10%. We also announced -- gave a detailed schedule for ACC ramp. Our hyperscaler customer gave us the time line to start ramping incorporate ACC in their rack by mid-2026. And then we supply our linear equalizer IC to the cable manufacturers, they need 3, 4 months to get our IC integrated into the cables. So we will start seeing the ramp in April quarter for ACC.

And what is this -- I mean this customer tends to set the tone, I would say, we'll say, for other hyperscalers. So what does it mean? I mean, sort of what does this confirmation mean for how quickly ACC can penetrate other customers?

Yes. So this hyperscaler has a tradition to lead the industry with the disruptive solutions. When they started using 200 gigabit per lane service, so they certainly look at a different connectivity solutions than we have been engaging with them maybe 10 months ago. They started looking at a deck, ACC, then AEC, their primary use cases is interconnect, the different XPUs within the rack and then between racks. So they feel that for the data rate, they wanted to transport -- transmit 1.6 gigabit per second over 6 lanes -- 8 lanes, they can achieve everything they need with a 3-meter reach with the ACC. Below 1 meter, from 0 to 1 meter, they can use 30-gauge deck cable. So now they down selected this between DAC and ACC. And the clear partition below 1 meter is DAC and above 1 meter to 3 meters is ACC.

And yes, I guess, just thinking about how this could catalyze other hyperscalers.

That's right. So they have been the leader in the market in the hyperscaler -- among the hyperscalers. They always pioneered the new technology. I am sure there's going to be a catalyst for other hyperscalers to use ACC in their fabric for direct design and also even the scale-out.

And can you just talk about what your, sort of, I don't like to use the word right to win, but what's your edge with copper edge? Is there room for you to expand content beyond ACC, like maybe sockets in the backplane, for example.

Yes. So first of all, for ACC, the reason they chose ACC versus AEC, clearly, it's a power consideration and the latency is another consideration. When you have ACC can do what AEC can do as well within 3 meters, but with a 90% power saving, they will jump on it and also the latency is almost negligible with ACC. Beyond the cable, you asked about the linear equalizer can be integrated on the board to extend to reach of high-speed links as well. So we have several use cases in the evaluation and qualification stage with other customers.

And does it matter -- I mean is it agnostic for ASIC versus GPU?

It doesn't matter. It depends on the quality of the SerDes and for now, the 200 gig per lane, there's really 2 -- only 2 primary suppliers for 200 gig SerDes. So we work with both of them pretty closely, and we know the characteristics and our product has been tuned to compensate their SerDes characteristic to extend the reach.

But there's no pricing difference. There's no content difference.

Oh, I see. I see. So then our linear equalizers can be integrated in a paddle board of the cable -- ACC cables. The same design, same content can be surface mounted onto the PCB trees then to extend the reach. So the content is about the same. And the technology is identical. It's just the form factor making a little change in order to accommodate easy integration on the board.

Great. Let's talk about -- we talked about ACC, let's talk about LPO. LPO is a little more plug-and-play than ACC has been. I mean, now you've sort of crossed the chasm, I would say, in ACC, but LPO is more plug-and-play. So can you talk about what the opportunity is there and how to size the LPO opportunity relative to the ACC opportunity?

Yes. So you're right. The LPO is more plug-and-play because it's the same form factor with a DSP-based retime solution, optical transceivers, same electrical plug-in interface, same optical plug-in interface, same mechanical form factor. As long as the customers do the test and to see the signal integrity is maintained between their links. For example, the first layer of the switch fabric from server to top of the rack, they can optimistically use low power consumption of the LPO and it's also low latency, a little lower price than the DSP-based solutions as well.

So we see more broad acceptance of the LPO with reference to 3, 4 years ago, the industry starts talking about that, there has been some resentment, but now I see that the entire industry really getting a broad acceptance of this technology. So we see some acceptance, and we see some adoption in some first stage of the switch fabric. So you will see the gradual ramp. And in Q4, we're going to be having the first quarter milestone to see the primarily TIA for the LPO at this point reached a mid-single-digit revenue level.

And have the interoperability concerns for LPO largely been resolved? I mean. I think -- and part of that is LPO broader than just Broadcom-based systems?

Yes. So I think the LPO, one thing -- one key enabler is a clean signal noise ratio from the SerDes. The Broadcom system is really -- is excellent. Tomahawk 6 ports, the signal integrity is great that enable the adoption of LPO.

So can you size for us maybe just go through some of the relative sizing of the ACC opportunity versus the LPO opportunity?

So the LPO is going to be ramping gradually. So it's going to be, in a way, cannibalizing the DSP-based retime solutions. It's ramping gradually. So I would say probably if you say 2, 3 years later, reach a steady state, maybe overall 800-gig transceivers, pluggable transceivers, you can expect 25%, 30% of the mix is going to be LPO based. Transition to LPO is beneficial to Semtech because we're going to be able to expand our SAM, not only providing TIAs but has the opportunity to provide the drivers. But size-wise, I think ACC from now, we look at it, it's a much bigger opportunity than LPO for us.

ACC is bigger. Yes. And can you just -- just to wrap up on LPO, can you talk about your opportunity and how it changes between 800G and 1.6T?

Yes. The LPO for 800 gig, it's, I would say, pretty mature. For 1.6T on the other hand, the industry is still working on the signal integrity or reflection issue from the transmitting path. Receiving path is good. So some customers wanted to capture the low power benefits of that by rolling out LRO for 1.6T first. So we see the near-term 800 gig, no one cares about LRO and it goes directly to LPO. But for 1.6T, it's going to be going through LRO step, but I do believe eventually the industry will figure out a way to get LPO available for 1.6T.

So you -- but your opportunity is probably bigger in 800G, is that fair?

So the opportunity for 800 gig, we definitely -- our TIA has been broadly widely regarded as the best solution by the industry. We have the lion's share for the TIA side. But driver was a little late, we're playing catch-up and we have some customers designing in use our 800-gig LPO drivers, which we do believe the only driver have to comply with MSA, multisource agreement and provide, say, for example, automated gain control and digital diagnosis capabilities.

For 1.6T, we do not want it to be late. That's why we're accelerating our road map. We'll make the LPO compliant 1.6T LPO driver available before the end of the year, so we can sample to our customer base to have them play around, give us feedback. In case if we need a respin, we'll have the base for it.

And is there anything -- any loading commentary you could make for 2026. I mean you haven't guided the year, obviously, but can you give us any like puts and takes in terms of loading commentary, how to think about. I mean, you've got the -- you've the consumer business, too. We haven't talked about that. But give us any loading commentary for like how to think about how the year could play out next year?

Yes. So for the data centers, it's just like we talked about the LPO, we talked about ACC. And another thing is 1.6T transceiver ramp. We are capturing that opportunity as well. Even though a lot of volume for 2026 calendar year is going to be 800 gig optical transceivers. For U.S. hyperscalers, the projection is the 50 million units. That's a significant number compared to, say, calendar year '25, probably will be ending up like 30 million units.

So we have a solid base and then overlay the 3 growth drivers on top of it. LPO transition bring more content. SAM is 250% of the DSP-based transceivers. ACC is a net revenue adder. And with this hyperscaler, we project a pretty rapid ramp in the second half of the year than the 1.6T. And the other segment, I will hand it over to Mark to talk about it. We got multiple drivers as well.

Yes. So I'm pleased that say Semtech is firing on all cylinders across all of our end markets. So I'm pleased in that area. High-end consumer, we've released our results for Q3. We're clearly outgrowing, let's say, handset volume as a proxy, right? So that is a great indication where we're gaining market share. We're getting content on devices. in handsets and in wearables, right? That's a new growth area for Semtech.

In the industrial side of the business, that business is also inflected to growth. LoRa, we posted over a $40 million quarter in Q3. In that area, we have multiple growth drivers as well. This is where we put in some good amount of investment in the past, and that's really resulting in some very nice top line growth for LoRa. LoRa, we can see growth in dual band, so sub-gigahertz, which is what LoRa is known for, plus 2.4 gigahertz that's expanding a lot of market share, being able to transmit a photo, an image, is really increased adoption, let's say, in the drone market.

And then another area is LoRa Plus, another area where we can introduce LoRa Plus another protocol like Z-Wave, really expanding the use cases for LoRa. We received some very nice growth. As we said on the last call, we're ranging from $30 million to $40 million as a base per quarter, growing at about 15% to 20% CAGR.

And can you talk about the force sensing business, the new force sensing business?

Yes. So we identify the 3 key areas, the core asset, data center, LoRa for IoT and then sensing. So we have our portfolio of the technology in a product, the person sensing for a specific absorption read and also [ gesture control ]. That's based on capacitive sensing capabilities. And when we did the road map exercise with our technologies, we always feel that adding force sensing onto our existing capacitive sensing and [indiscernible] sensing technology will broaden our capability, will allow us to penetrate in a broader customer base. It just so happened this technology, this asset available we grabbed it and this is a really pretty exciting opportunity for us.

We've got this -- acquired this asset from Qorvo. They acquired a company called NextInput 4 years ago. They have about 175 issued and pending patents. We -- together with the deal transaction, about 50 key employees came with it. So we are already addressing some common customers with the combined solutions. We do expect this combination by leveraging our global sales and supporting staff will help us to accelerate the force sensing business, but also pull through our capacitive sensing business. So this is very synergistic.

So is there any way to size like how much the synergies could be the force sensing business combined with pulling through your other businesses? Like is it crazy to think that next year, I would think it's probably not going to be that much. But in 2027, is it -- I mean could it be a $40 million or $50 million type of an outcome having acquired that.

That's consistent with our model and thinking and projection.

Okay. And then can you talk a little bit about just about the asset divestitures that's something that you've been fairly consistent that you want to clean up the product portfolio more. So can you just talk about that?

Yes. We've been pretty consistent among the portfolio. When we had a balance sheet limitation, I will say that way, but we still identify some growth opportunities. We delineated the core assets. For those assets, we increased R&D investment over the past 18 months. But for some noncore assets like the cellular module, specifically, to us, it's a challenging. We got a great team and it has been integrating well and has inflected growth, but the margin profile is very different from the semiconductor from even the other part of the Sierra Wireless acquired asset.

So it's low margin to us, but to the right acquirer, it's the great margin to them. So this time around, we hired different adviser for [ disclosures ]. So UBS is a transaction adviser for this time, we map out the target space and think about the synergy and did very targeted marketing. And we received multiple indications. We're in the process of due diligence. So that's -- with that part carved out, we'll be able to clear up a lot of noise and solve this margin disparity issue.

And then for the employees, the business going with the transaction, they will have a good home, and they will be viewed as a core asset in the new home. So I think it will be good for that business to continue to drill and serve the broader customer base.

And following the divestiture, we're looking at gross margins approaching 60% starting with the 6%. That in and of itself is a really compelling reason for the divestiture. And it's really going on top of our Signal Integrity Products business, which in Q3, we reported a 65.1% gross margin. That segment includes all of our data center business, right? So if you're looking for where we consider growth areas, data center plus ACC plus LPO plus the transition 1.6T. This is a very clear path to 60% plus gross margins for Semtech on a consolidated basis.

And Mark, do you think -- on kind of a pro forma basis, do you think that you'd be able to make it earnings accretive?

Yes, we do.

You do, okay. And just in terms of sort of other optimizations of the portfolio and like how you can -- how synergistic are the -- if we pro forma the business, how synergistic from a development perspective are the remaining businesses going to be?

Yes. Let me just say, at this point, we're really focused on this first transaction, right, the cellular module transaction. We believe that's going to be transformational on gross margin on a consolidated basis. And then after we get that project completed, we'll be looking to maybe provide some other insight into further thinking.

Can we talk about LoRa? So you did say that LoRa is between $30 million and $40 million is your thinking in sort of the near term. I think you guided it back to the middle of the range for December quarter. So can you just talk about the drivers there? I know Gen 4 is gaining a lot of momentum. But just can you walk through that business a little bit for us?

Yes. So LoRa has been traditionally used in 3 vertical -- market verticals, smart metering for the water meter and gas meter, connected spaces for the industrial automation and asset tracking because of the broad coverage and low power. So that's a good sweet spot. And because of the dual band increased the bandwidth from 15 kilobit per second to 2.5 megabits per second, that's significantly increased, that's unlocked some opportunities in the commercial space. For example, commercial drone using aerial survey, you'll be able to snap pictures and transmit back the [ steel ] pictures then giving some -- adding some functionality. And then this LoRa Plus with other RF protocols unlock opportunities like security, smart building. So we are adding more application verticals, and that's the basic driver for growth of the business.

And Mark, can you talk about -- so as you look into the April quarter, what sort of -- I'm not asking you to guide April, but what's the sort of normal seasonality? I know that the IoT business has a lot of seasonality in April. But how to think about the puts and takes seasonally?

Yes. Really, in the April quarter, the only seasonality we somewhat see is in that industrial business, but it's really related to one portion of the business, kind of the routers and gateways business. Other than that, seasonality is typically in the fourth quarter, right? So when we're in high-end consumer, right? Typically, it's down 15% to 20% historically, just based on let's say, smartphone builds. We guided our Q4 down in the low single digits, though. So that's another, call it, proof point of market share gain.

And then this is just more of a -- just how to think about the dilution. There's been a lot of volatility from the converts. So can you just talk about that and just how many shares do we have?

It's absolutely something that we want to address in terms of dilution. So without getting to the math, if you look at our earnings presentation that we issued along with the last call, we have a dilution table. But needless to say, that's something that we want to address. We had 2 converts outstanding. Just last quarter, we took out one of them completely. The other one we reduced by 1/3. So on the 2027 converts, it was about $320 million outstanding. We took that down to about $101 million. Then we issued $402 million in new convertible notes, 0% coupon, and we have a cap call up to 100%. So really, it becomes dilutive at north of around, let's say, about $142.

So we've taken care of dilution, we believe, and there's just going to be a lot less volatility due to converts. I think those are both beneficial.

Got it. And then can you walk through just -- this is -- I mean, let's assume pro forma of the business. Can you walk us through some of the puts and takes as you think about gross margin as we go through '26. Can you walk through some of the relative margins of those remaining businesses?

Sure. I'd say it's mostly to the positive. I think there's, in my view, a little bit more upside opportunity than downside risk. So like we said, Q3 gross margin for Signal Integrity, a reported quarter. We had 65.1% gross margin. ACC is additive to that. LPO is additive to that. Other areas, just total portion -- total part of the business, LoRa being an asset that can grow pretty nicely as gross margin starting in the 70s, right? So north of 70% gross margin, that's pretty healthy. So in terms of overall, like I said, if we were to divest the lowest margin portion of our business, again, low margin for us, great margins for somebody else. We quickly approach 60% gross margins. In the growing areas of business, we can surpass 60% in the near term just based on our expectations of growth over the next fiscal year.

And Hong, let me ask you about China. So what are your opportunities in China with the Chinese CSPs, as they start to build out racks?

Yes. So China is an important market for us. We ship our ICs going through distributors in Hong Kong. Some are for the China domestic use, and a lot of them are integrated in China or Southeast Asia, then imported back into the U.S. So in the U.S., we got all the hyperscalers accelerate the data center build-out for AI applications. For China CSPs because of the availability limitation to -- of the GPU, the most advanced GPUs, so their acceleration rate is not as high. And also, most of the optical transceivers, for example, is 100 gig per lane, 800 gig level, but it's still pretty healthy in growth.

So we have a very broad penetration. We probably, as of September -- well, a couple of months ago, we were able to address the last customer that we had no component in it. So we supply to everyone, every optical module suppliers. Some of them are more focused on China market, and some of them are mostly focused on the U.S. market. So they are not growing as fast as the U.S. market, but still demonstrated sequential growth.

Great. And then last thing, Hong, I wanted to ask you, you mentioned on the call, you said your 2 priorities. One is to your growth opportunities in -- with your core assets; two is to divest the noncore assets. But then you said to fill capability gaps. So where do you see your capability gaps?

Yes. So we wanted to clearly -- the data center is a key area we wanted to grow today in our transceiver content. In the transceiver content, our contribution is still limited. It's just still limited at the physical media device level, drivers and TIAs. It will be great to have the optics. But we're looking at differentiating capabilities, not just for the sake of it. We can have the operational leverage, but we are looking for differentiated capabilities that we can co-sell with devices. So -- and we are looking at other areas as well. But for now, we wanted to focus on making the capacity available to capture the growth opportunity and never wanted to miss the opportunity because of the capacity because the lead time limitations. So we're addressing that proactively.

And these are things you have to acquire? Or do you think that you could...

This thing is more the operational focus, but then some gaps are internally developed because we have multiple generation road map alignment with some key customers. We know where the gaps are. So going forward, now our balance sheet is much stronger than before. We'll be more heavily indexed in R&D growth in the data center area, R&D investment in data center area to accelerate the growth in the future years.

Perfect. Well, we're out of time. Thank you, Hong and Mark.

Thank you so much, Tim.

Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Semtech Corporation's Third Quarter Fiscal Year 2026 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference call is being recorded.

I would now like to hand the call over to Mitch Haws, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations for Semtech. Thank you. Please go ahead.

Thank you, and welcome to Semtech's Third Quarter 2026 Financial Results Conference Call. Participants on today's call are Hong Hou, our President and Chief Executive Officer; and Mark Lin, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

But before we begin, I would like to highlight upcoming investor events, including the UBS Technology Conference on December 2 and 3; the Consumer Electronics Show on January 6 through 9; and the Needham Growth Conference on January 13 through the 14.

Today after market close, we released our unaudited results for the third quarter of fiscal year 2026, which are posted along with an earnings call presentation to our Investor Relations website at investors.semtech.com.

Today's call will include various remarks about future expectations, plans and prospects, which comprise forward-looking statements. Please refer to today's press release and see Slide 2 of the earnings presentation as well as the Risk Factors section of our most recent annual report on Form 10-K for a number of risk factors that could cause our actual results and events to differ materially from those anticipated or projected on today's call. You should consider these risk factors in conjunction with our forward-looking statements.

We will refer primarily to non-GAAP financial measures during today's call. Please see today's press release and Slide 3 of the earnings presentation for important information regarding notes on our non-GAAP financial presentation. The press release and earnings presentation also include reconciliations of our GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures.

With that, I will turn the call over to Hong.

Thank you, Mitch. Good afternoon to all of you joining the call today. The Semtech team made solid progress again this quarter, driving strong sequential and year-over-year revenue and earnings growth, aligning our data center road map to capture major growth and design win opportunities ahead, further strengthening our financial profile, all while executing on the R&D road map and portfolio expansions that we believe establish a foundation for growth.

Looking at the Q3, net sales were $267 million, up 4% sequentially and up 13% year-over-year, driven by the momentum of our data center and the LoRa portfolio. Adjusted operating margins grew 180 basis points sequentially and 230 basis points year-over-year. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $0.48, up 17% sequentially and 85% year-over-year.

Again, this quarter, the core assets we have delineated, namely data center, LoRa and PerSe together strongly contributed to our revenue growth. We continue leveraging our R&D resources to expand our portfolio, including in LoRa with multiple protocol integration showcasing Wi-SUN and LoRaWAN synergy for smart infrastructure and the new TIA and driver building blocks that establish a new performance standards for 1.6T multimode optical transceivers in AI data centers.

In addition to our strong financial performance, we further optimized our capital structure with a successful convertible offering. The collective actions taken over the past few quarters have provided Semtech significant balance sheet flexibility, resulting in nominal interest expenses and a much-improved cash flow generation. This improved financial position allows us to accelerate investments in our core technologies.

Finally, portfolio optimization remains a key focus. At the beginning of our fourth quarter, we completed the acquisition of the force sensing business, including its technology, products and key employees from Qorvo. By leveraging Semtech's customer penetration, global sales and support network and our existing capacitive sensing product portfolio, we expect to accelerate the proliferation of the advanced force sensing Human Machine Interface solutions and MEMS sensors by targeting leading computing, smartphone, wearable and automotive applications.

In addition, we are making solid progress on the divestiture of non-core assets. With our new financial adviser, we have engaged in diligent conversations with a number of interested parties, which has generated multiple indications of interest. We believe this assets represent a very compelling synergistic value to this potential acquirers.

Now, let me move the discussion to our end markets. For Q3, Infrastructure net sales were $77.9 million, up 6% sequentially and up 18% year-over-year, strongly supported by our data center business. Net sales for data center were a record $56.2 million, up 8% sequentially and up 30% year-over-year, benefiting from strong demand for our broad portfolio, including our market-leading FiberEdge TIAs whose net sales set another record.

Moving into Q4 and the next fiscal year, we expect an acceleration of sequential and year-over-year growth for our data center business. This conviction is supported by our expectation of continued increases in AI CapEx, expanding customer engagement and a strong demand pipeline for our high-performance low-power solutions, including the incremental contributions from Linear Pluggable Optics, our LPO and CopperEdge linear equalizers.

We believe our low-power analog solutions are a core enabler for making next-generation data center infrastructure scalable at 800 gig and 1.6T. With the hyperscale and AI data centers' capacity measured on electric consumption, every incremental watt saved in networking connectivity multiplied by tens of millions of ports will enable a meaningful increase in compute capacity.

By delivering best-in-class efficiency and signal integrity at the fiscal layer, analog solutions give cloud and AI operators the flexibility to adopt new 1.6T-based topologies, whether that is the higher density switches, new optics architectures or more disaggregated racks while staying in within strict power, thermal and transmission latency envelopes.

To support data center build-outs, we are seeing broad-based demand acceleration, supported by customer forecast for 800-gig TIAs through 2026. Beyond 800-gig, we are actively supporting a wide range of customers on their 1.6T transceiver designs and deployment with both TIAs and drivers, and we expect 1.6T volume ramps to begin early in calendar year 2026 and concurrent with the deployment of 1.6T switches.

Regarding LPO, we have secured design wins with several leading U.S. hyperscalers with our TIAs and drivers in 800-gig transceivers and AOCs. And we continue expanding our customer pipeline through engagement with our optical module customers. We expect a meaningful revenue contribution from TIAs for LPOs starting in Q4 and the momentum to build into calendar 2026. In parallel, we are accelerating our R&D road map and targeting initial sampling of 1.6T LPO drivers and TIAs before year-end.

Regarding active copper cables, customers benchmarking ACCs against the competing technologies are seeing clear advantages, excellent signal integrity, lower latency, and more importantly, power consumption up to 90% lower than DSP-based AEC solutions. We expect to ramp ACCs with a major hyperscaler during calendar year 2026. With this deployment transitioning incorporating ACCs in place of AEC or DACs, we anticipate broader market penetration as this hyperscaler demonstrates ACC's benefit versus incumbent technologies.

Our engagements with additional ACC customers are intensive and broad-based, and we anticipate more design wins over coming quarters. In addition, a number of customers, including our android customer, are evaluating the integration of our CopperEdge linear equalizers on their PCB boards and connectors to improve signal integrity of high-speed links. We anticipate design win of onboard CopperEdge use cases over the coming quarters.

Moving forward, we believe our broad portfolio of FiberEdge TIAs and our rapidly emerging CopperEdge and LPO solutions position us for accelerating data center revenue growth throughout 2026.

Now moving to our High-End Consumer end market. Net sales for Q3 were $41.9 million, up 2% sequentially and up 5% year-over-year. Year-to-date net sales were $118.5 million, up 6% compared to the same period last year. Growth from our High-End Consumer's portfolio is outpacing market metrics such as worldwide handset unit volume growth by a considerable margin, demonstrating market share gains, customer adoptions of our differentiated solutions and the strong supply chain execution.

In addition, our PerSe sensing technology continues to be designed in a growing range of applications, including smart glasses and smartphone platforms supporting both existing designs and new launches over the coming quarters. As I referenced earlier, we completed the acquisition of leading force-sensing portfolio from Qorvo at the beginning of Q4.

The integration is well underway with our first product shipped starting last week, and we look forward to this combination expanding our sensor portfolio with a proven IP and paired with our global go-to-market engine, unlocking cross-selling opportunities across a diverse array of leading customers. The combination of this unique capabilities provides a robust set of touch and gesture detection capabilities.

Moving to our Industrial end market. Q3 Industrial net sales were $147.2 million, up 3% sequentially and up 12% year-over-year, driven by another quarter of strong LoRa performance. LoRa-enabled solutions net sales were $40 million, up 10% sequentially and up 40% year-over-year, supported by the continued expansion across several end markets and multiple applications in verticals such as smart utilities, smart building, smart city and asset management.

Looking ahead, we believe we are well positioned to drive LoRa adoption with additional capabilities and features. Our recently launched Gen 4 LoRa Plus transceivers offer integrated multiprotocol connectivities in addition to the LoRaWAN capabilities in a single chip across both sub-gigahertz and 2.4 gigahertz frequency bands. This simplified hardware design lowers BOM cost and enables customers to create unified design, supporting multiple protocols, thus enabling deployments for customers rolling out solutions across different geographies and regions.

The LoRa Plus transceivers now deliver data rates of up to 2.6 megabits per second on both sub-gigahertz and 2.6 gigahertz band. This capability enables faster transfer of video, images and a richer sensor data while maintaining ultra-low power consumption and enables applications that were not practical before.

We're also continuing to see good traction in commercial drones. LoRa enables long-range communication, up to 10 kilometers for applications like agriculture monitoring, livestock tracking and infrastructure inspection. With Gen 4's higher data rate, drones can now transmit images and sensor data in real time while covering larger areas efficiently.

Our IoT systems and connectivity business recorded Q3 net sales of $88.3 million, down 1% sequentially and up 7% year-over-year. We see strong design win momentum as IoT transitions from 4G to 5G, leveraging our market leadership. As of this quarter, we have completed all the necessary certifications for our 5G RedCap modules, and the products are now commercially available.

The business pipeline continues to be strong, thanks to the broader market recovery and the favorable geopolitical environment for this business. Networking solutions with routers, gateways and Airlink services in the portfolio had a strong execution quarter, advancing strategic initiatives across carrier partnerships, software platform innovation and the market positioning. We expanded our 5G stand-alone capabilities with support for network slicing, enabling dedicated first responder network slices on T-Mobile's key priority and Verizon's frontline networks.

We believe this positions Airlink as a differentiated solution for mission-critical public safety communications where quality of service and network's prioritization are essential. We launched AI-powered support tools, delivered our next-generation management platform supporting both cloud and on-prem customer requirements and announced a strategic partnership with [ GTEC ], extending our reach by embedding Airlink connectivity into their rugged computing ecosystem.

The mission-critical cellular router market continues growing in double digits with accelerating 5G refresh cycles, and we believe we are well positioned to capture share through our carrier relationships, ecosystem partnerships and differentiated ruggedized solutions. We also launched the industrial first single vendor offering with Skylo, providing access to terrestrial and satellite networks through a single SIM and delivering the industry first complete device-to-cloud terrestrial and satellite IoT solution from a single partner.

Our strong results this quarter reflected the impact of our focus on growth of our core assets, disciplined R&D investments and the deep and expanding partnerships we are building with our customers. As power constraints intensify for our customers across all our end markets, we believe Semtech is uniquely positioned to lead with ultra-power efficient solutions spanning high-bandwidth data center networking, LoRa connectivity for rapidly expanding IoT use cases and sensing technologies that enable the functionality of next-generation AI interfaces. We see significant opportunities ahead and are focused on executing against them while continuing to create long-term value for all of our stakeholders.

Now, let me lay out my priorities for the next few months. First, capture growth opportunities in our core assets. Through selective strategic investments, we plan to fill key capability gaps. Leveraging our operational excellence, we will also focus on ensuring capacity availability, particularly against the backdrop of tight supply and geopolitical uncertainties.

Second, focus on the divestiture of non-core assets. This will help address margin disparities and enable us to focus fully on our core business priorities. Third, strengthen our winning culture and elevating our company mindset to work [ great ] is the new normal.

In the year of Semtech Rising, we fixed the balance sheet, aligned our core portfolio with market growth drivers and built a strong foundation of winning culture. Building on the momentum of these successes, we are now embarking on the journey of Semtech Transforming, paving the way towards Semtech excellent and solidify our position as a global leader in enabling next-generation data center, LoRa-based IoT and our expanded sensing portfolio.

With that, I will now turn the call over to Mark for additional details on our financial results and our outlook for the fourth quarter of FY '26.

Thank you, Hong. For Q3, we recorded our seventh consecutive quarter of net sales growth with record net sales of $267 million, above the midpoint of our outlook and up 13% year-over-year. Net sales trends by end market, reportable segment and geographic region are included in the accompanying earnings presentation.

Adjusted gross margin was 53.0%, at the midpoint of our outlook. Total semiconductor products gross margin was 61.3%, up sequentially from 60.7% and up year-over-year from 59.9%. Total semiconductor products gross margin reflects meaningful sequential and year-over-year net sales gains in data center and LoRa. IoT Systems and Connectivity gross margin was reflective of mix related to net sales growth in cellular modules with Q3 at 36.6% compared to 39.5% in Q2 and 41% in the prior year period.

Adjusted net operating expenses were $86.5 million, below the midpoint of our guidance range, benefiting from prudent cost control and a relatively stronger U.S. dollar. Adjusted operating income was $54.9 million, up 13% sequentially and up 26% year-over-year, resulting in an adjusted operating margin of 20.6%, up 180 basis points sequentially and up 230 basis points year-over-year.

Adjusted EBITDA was $62.7 million, up 11% sequentially and up 23% year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 23.5%, up 160 basis points sequentially and up 190 basis points year-over-year. Adjusted net interest expense was $2.5 million, down 86% year-over-year.

The capital structure changes completed in October were in effect for only 2 weeks of the quarter, so the bulk of the benefit will be realized starting in Q4. To summarize these changes, we issued a $402.5 million convertible note, inclusive of the Greenshoe due November 2030 with a coupon of 0% and a conversion premium of 42.5%.

Along with the offering, we entered into capped calls, which increased the conversion premium to 100%. As such, until we reach an effective conversion stock price of $141.82, the 2030 note will not factor into non-GAAP dilution. And of course, no cash interest is due on the note. Net proceeds from the 2030 note, along with the issuance of 5.3 million shares and $3.5 million in balance sheet cash were used to fully retire our 2028 notes with a coupon of 4% and about $219 million of the 2027 notes with a coupon of 1.625%.

We also fully repaid our term loan for which we were incurring cash interest at about 5.8%. Our debt currently consists of $402.5 million of the 2030 notes and $100.5 million of the 2027 notes. Currently, annualized interest expense is under $3 million compared to $75 million for the third quarter of last year. Our significantly reduced cash burden from interest allows us to continue our acceleration of investments in strategic high-growth areas of our business while driving earnings growth and positive cash flow.

We were well positioned for the forward-sensing portfolio acquisition, which closed at the beginning of Q4 and which we expect will integrate very well into our sensing portfolio. Other net non-operating expenses were $0.4 million, primarily from foreign exchange revaluation losses. We recorded adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.48, up 17% sequentially from $0.41 and up 85% from $0.26 recorded a year ago.

Our income statement results have translated to strengthening cash flow. Operating cash flow for Q3 was $47.5 million, sequentially up 7% from $44.4 million and up 60% from $29.6 million a year ago. Free cash flow for Q3 was $44.6 million, sequentially up 8% from $41.5 million and up 53% from $29.1 million a year ago. We ended Q3 with a cash and cash equivalents balance of $164.7 million. At the end of Q3, net debt sequentially decreased $20.8 million to $338.3 million.

Along with debt reduction, strong business performance contributed to an adjusted net leverage ratio of 1.5 as of the close of Q3, down sequentially from 1.6 and down year-over-year from 7.2.

Now, turning to our fourth quarter outlook. We currently expect net sales of $273 million, plus or minus $5 million, up 9% year-over-year at the midpoint. We expect net sales from our Infrastructure end market to increase sequentially, supported by projected sequential data center growth of approximately 10%. We expect net sales from our High-End Consumer end market to decrease about 3% sequentially. Typical seasonality in this end market is expected to be partially offset primarily by market share gains, but also from projected contributions from the newly acquired force-sensing portfolio.

We expect net sales from our Industrial end market to be about flat with lower decreases offset by growth in IoT systems and connectivity. Based on expected product mix and net sales levels, we expect adjusted gross margin to be 51.2%, plus or minus 50 basis points. Our consolidated adjusted gross margin outlook reflects sequential mix changes in the Industrial end market. We project strong net sales growth from cellular modules, which are part of our IoT systems and connectivity business with gross margins that are considerably below the corporate average.

Lower net sales with gross margins considerably above the corporate average are expected at about the midpoint of the $30 million to $40 million range we provided during last quarter's call. That said, our gross margin outlook for our total semiconductor products is expected to be 60.5%, plus or minus 50 basis points; up 220 basis points year-over-year at the midpoint and incorporates our projections of data center net sales growth.

Adjusted net operating expenses are expected to be $91.2 million, plus or minus $1 million, resulting in adjusted operating margin at the midpoint of 17.8%. Included in the higher fourth quarter adjusted operating expense outlook are R&D costs associated with the addition of the force-sensing business, along with increased investment in support of our growing data center portfolio. We have demonstrated strong returns on our R&D investment and expect incremental returns from our future investments.

Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be $56 million, plus or minus $3 million, resulting in adjusted EBITDA margin at the midpoint of 20.5%. We expect adjusted interest and other expense net to be approximately $0.5 million. We expect an adjusted normalized income tax rate of 15%, consistent with Q3. These amounts are expected to result in adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.43, plus or minus $0.03 based on a weighted average share count of 95.7 million shares.

Thank you, Mark. We can now turn the call back over to the operator for the question-and-answer session.

[Operator Instructions] And our first question comes from the line of Rick Schafer with Oppenheimer & Company.

Congrats to you guys. My first question, I guess, is really on CopperEdge. It sounds like it's ramping with your lead CSP this quarter. And I'm just really curious sort of -- to me, that's breaking the ice. I mean does that -- how does that set you up with other CSPs next year? Basically, this validation from this lead customer speed deployments or wins with other CSPs? And is there any sense that you have today or maybe it's just too early to know, but any sense of how many ACC or CopperEdge customers you expect to ship to next year?

Rick, thank you very much for your questions. So, for the CopperEdge in ACC to supporting the leading hyperscalers, they have the product designed into 3 programs and then anticipate the ramp to start in the mid of 2026. But we supply our CopperEdge ICs to cable manufacturers, so they certainly need the product earlier than that. And we right now having all the things ready to go and based on the forecast they provided, so we need to make capacity available to support the very rapid ramp. And in our Q4, our revenue is just starting for that customer, but the substantial ramp is going to be throughout the fiscal year 2026.

As for -- you mentioned about, yes, this sort of icebreaking adoption. Definitely, we view this as a catalyst because of the benefits of the ACC over the competing technology is very obvious, especially in the power savings. And so, when we engage with the different hyperscalers, we sense that ACC is typically adopted in a platform design. So, certainly, now we see the broad-based awareness of this advantage and deployment by this hyperscaler certainly will provide a strong reference point for other hyperscalers to use in their future platform design. As for how many, we have been working with our cable partners and engaging pretty much with every hyperscalers out there. I do expect more design wins in the coming quarters.

And maybe for my follow-up, it's just a question I think we all get a lot and you do too, I'm sure, is just sort of how do you approach sizing the ACC opportunity? I mean, is a good proxy sort of the roughly $100 million DAC cable market? Or I guess, just sort of a starting point, some way to kind of size that market. And as part of your answer, I'd be curious just to understand better where -- we clearly see the benefits in terms of latency and power of ACC, but where -- like what kind of workloads or what kind of designs, where does ACC win versus AEC? Like where some of the lowest hanging fruit for Semtech there?

Yes. So, what we see, the ACC is positioned in a sweet spot between DAC, which had a signal limitation -- signal integrity limitation for transmitting over a longer distance at a high speed. Then AEC, which certainly can transmit with a longer distance, but with a significantly higher power consumption. So, certainly, if you look at the AEC plus DAC, it's a huge TAM. And ACC, as I said, is so uniquely positioned, we'll chip away a substantial portion of it as we start deploying hyperscalers. So, over time, we'll have a better idea how do we quantify the opportunity in the future.

And our next question comes from the line of Sean O'Loughlin with TD Cowen and Company.

Congrats on the solid results here. You mentioned -- Hong, you mentioned Q4 growth in data center. I think you used the word meaningful contribution from LPO in the quarter. Maybe you could just either talk about that deployment specifically or if you can't get into any details onto that deployment, but in general, how do you envision LPO coming to the market? Is it sort of like on the ACC side where it's very project specific and therefore, kind of concentrated and lumpy? Or do you sort of envision it to fold into the mix over time like a CPU server chip of all would have been into the new generations?

Sean, thank you for the question. So, we see a strong sequential growth opportunity in Q4 for our data center business. As we mentioned, we anticipate approximately 10% quarter-over-quarter growth. That's on top of 8% sequential growth from Q2 to Q3. And the majority of the growth is going to be on the FiberEdge product.

In LPO, we are gaining more hyperscaler design wins. We anticipate a meaningful contribution for LPO for Q4. If I have to say meaningful mid-single-digit level. And ACC contribution of Q4 is still going to be very nominal. As I mentioned early on, that the hyperscaler ramp in volume and their racks for the interconnect is going to be starting in the mid of 2026, will probably be 3 to 4 months prior to that, getting the ramp going to supply to cable manufacturers to get the ACCs ready.

Great. And then I just had a quick question for Mark. On the gross margin side in Q4, understood on the mix shift within IoT. I guess sort of 2 questions around that. Is this sort of a permanent mix shift that you're anticipating? Or is this just sort of a temporary -- LoRa was strong in Q3, going to dip a little bit in Q4, and so that will balance out longer term.

And then, well I guess maybe this part is -- I don't know if this is a [ soft ] question or a Mark question, but one of the suppliers on the foundry side in your space talked about some significant CapEx that they were anticipating on the silicon photonics, but especially the silicon germanium side. And just wondering if you anticipate any sort of headwinds on that side as you mentioned, the entire market goes through a bit of a capacity constrained environment here?

Thanks for the question, Sean. Let me try to address gross margin first and clarify there. On the positive side, semiconductor gross margins driven by data center and LoRa was 61.4% in Q3, up 140 basis points year-over-year, up 60 basis points quarter-over-quarter.

SIP gross margin, Signal Integrity Products, which encompasses data center, it was -- the gross margin for Q3 was 65.1%, up 270 basis points quarter-over-quarter -- 200 basis points year-over-year. And the reason I'm providing these statistics is we have -- what we've delineated as our core portfolio of data center, LoRa and PerSe, those are our faster-growing markets. And those gross margins, hopefully, you can see are above the corporate gross margin averages.

So as those businesses, we believe, will continue to ramp, we believe they'll be accretive to gross margins. On the IoT systems and connectivity side, we mentioned that we're going to have growth in cellular modules, where gross margin is less than 1/3 of our semiconductor products. And we also have nominally lower sales from LoRa.

In terms of where that's heading, we've talked about what's in our core portfolio and what is not in our core portfolio. I think from what Hong mentioned, one of the top priorities is, we're looking at portfolio rationalization there, partially to remove that margin disparity.

On your question on foundry...

Maybe I can answer that one. Yes, Sean, you are right. The silicon germanium technology platform right now is widely used in the making of physical media devices, the TIAs and drivers, but also in silicon photonics. That is why my first priority over the next few months is to make capacity available. That foundry is our close partners. We have long-standing relationship over the last 1.5 decades, and they have been providing excellent support to us.

Another nuance related to the component availability is a co-planning process with our customers and with our customers' customers sometimes. And that is a process we have implemented a few quarters ago and has been working extremely well. So even they share their visibility even in the business development stage. And we -- based on the understanding and based on our triangulation, we have the wafer start in the fab. And typically, the lead time is 6 months plus/minus. But with the planning process, we gained the visibility, we can start earlier, and we have never really let our customers down with our key components.

And our next question comes from the line of Harsh Kumar with Piper Sandler.

Hong, on last call, I think I was giving you a little bit of a hard time on lack of sequential growth in the data center business. And I think suffice to say, you fixed that going forward. But I did have a question on that. My question is, LPO seems to be a little bit earlier than ACC, and it seems to be coming on. You're excited about it. But almost everybody I know struggles with the scope and size of that market. So, maybe if I can ask you again or not again, but if I can ask you to just help us understand how big can LPO be as a business? And maybe what is your positioning in the LPO business? And then as a follow-up on the ACC side, I wanted to ask you, for ACC, are you seeing applications that replace ACC -- I'm sorry, AEC or just brand-new applications?

Yes. Thank you, Harsh. So, first of all, on the data center growth, yes. So, we're seeing very strong momentum and the booking and outlook and forecast is very strong throughout the 2026. And the LPO is -- we're pretty excited about the first meaningful ramp in our Q4. And as I mentioned before, the LPO give us an incremental opportunity to bring more content in the transceivers. So we benefit from a strong backdrop of the transceiver demand with the retimed solutions where we provide market-leading TIAs.

By offering LPO, we have opportunities to offer drivers in addition to TIAs. So that will increase our TAM by 150%. So, we certainly welcome that transition. And definitely, the rollout of LPO will cannibalize the DSP-based solutions, but we'll do it any day with the increased TAM. ACC, on the other hand, is a net gain. So, right now, with the air pocket we're experiencing from the early adoption in the rack interconnects, the ramp with the hyperscalers is going to be giving us an acceleration of data center revenue.

The adoption dynamics for LPO and ACC is a little different. LPO tend to be gradual because in their switch fabric, they can -- as soon as they -- as long as they have the confidence in the signal integrity on the host they plug into, they can use LPO. ACC, on the other hand, is more the platform-based when they design the new rack platform, and they will have the power consumption envelope and ACC provides 90% of power saving compared to AEC. That is a huge amount.

When you look at the rack design right now, any rack, they probably have anywhere from 100 to 200 cables inside. So, each connector -- each cable have 2 connectors on each end, it can translate into significant power savings. So, ACC is encroaching into the established AEC market, but also the [ ACE ] market. And because they're short, connects are predominantly DAC-based. But with the ACC availability, especially for 200 gigabit per lane and ACC is expected to be mainstream for longer than meter reach in the future.

Understood. Very helpful as always. And my next question was the force sensing acquisition. I don't know much about it. Maybe you could tell us just really quickly, given this is an earnings call, just really quickly, what the product does and how you intend to use it? And how much revenue and kind of OpEx you had because OpEx jumped up quite a bit.

Yes. So the force sensing is a capability you need to touch it and to activate it. We have the capacitive sensing that basically when you have your human body close to the sensors, you change the dielectric constant, you can activate the sensing. But with the force sensing, you need to apply the force to activate it. It combines with capacitive sensing very nicely to offer broader capabilities for smart wearables and computing and automotive platforms.

The asset we acquired from Qorvo was originally as a company called NextInput, they were founded in 2012 and about 4.5 years ago, it was acquired by Qorvo. And the technology is very differentiating. They have over 175 patents issued under applications. When we were looking at how to grow the core asset and how do we fill the gaps in capabilities, the force sensing was on our road map. And just optimistically, we found this asset available. So we got them acquired and get them nicely integrated.

The acquisition happened slightly less than a month ago. But as I mentioned, the integration already been very successful. So we made the first shipment of the product with our fulfillment infrastructure last week. As for the incremental R&D increase, it's still a lot better to buy this asset than otherwise internally investing. And so it's largely a technology tuck-in. The revenue contribution at this point is immaterial, but we do project a very healthy synergy and a very healthy contribution of this technology and asset to our future revenue.

And Harsh, just to double-click on OpEx. While there is incremental OpEx from our sensing portfolio, including this force sensing product, we're also increasing R&D in data center. So the areas where we're investing, the core areas and these core assets isn't changing. And we've been able to deliver some pretty good returns in data center, LoRa and sensing with some nominal increases in OpEx. We expect to be doing the same in Q4.

And our next question comes from the line of Christopher Rolland with Susquehanna International Group.

Congrats on the results. I guess, first, a clarification and then a question. The first clarification is you talked about a customer integrating linear equalizers on PCB in the coming quarters. If you could talk a little bit about that. Is that a high-volume win or more of a test case? And then just a clarification, you said that you're ramping LPO with several leading U.S. hyperscalers. Are those the same 2 that you were talking about last quarter? Or are there additional for LPO?

Yes. Thank you, Chris, for the questions. First, on the customers are evaluating the linear equalizer in the PCBs or connectors. Those are for the high-volume applications for the high-speed traces and some customers are planning to do it in the PCBs. And some other customers are seeing the marginal loss of signal integrity from the host, from the ASIC to the port. So they are evaluating to use the linear equalizer to bridge the signal integrity. And it's pretty exciting. So it is pretty broad-based and more than 3, 4 customers on those type of applications.

As for the LPOs, we stopped counting how many hyperscalers are planning to use it. I would say, at this point, the conversation almost same when I was talking to the teams and when I was engaging with our customers doing the optical modules, the CIOE in Shenzhen and ECOC in Copenhagen, and we were joking, it's more like who are not planning of using LPO and why? So I would say this technology at this point is not if, but more like when and what platform they're going to be using it. And we're really excited about the Q4 mark the starting point of the ramp, but we do expect acceleration throughout 2026.

That's fantastic, Hong. And then secondly, I'll leave it up to you at dealer's choice, either PON in China and when we should get confirmed tenders and what you're hearing there or LoRa kind of your outlook there? It seems like this Gen 4 has some new use cases, which is pretty cool. You can answer either or both.

LoRa, one question on LoRa. So yes, Gen 4 is gaining tremendous momentum and the multi-protocol is really very exciting. So we plan to provide SDK and software stack to enable Wi-SUN first and to enable a security application combined with LoRaWAN.

And our next question comes from the line of Tim Arcuri with UBS.

Hong, your tone on divestiture has definitely changed versus what it was 3 or so months ago. It was sort of put on hold a little bit. And now it sounds like you have another adviser, and you have some folks who are interested. And so can you just -- like what changed? And was it you weren't getting the price you wanted and now these buyers are more interested in engaging at a price that you're happy with? What -- can you just walk through like the evolution of what sort of changed there? And maybe how close are you to -- do you think executing something?

Thank you for the question, Tim. So the simple answer is nothing has changed. So this time around, we definitely have more dedicated mind share from the potential acquirers and because the geopolitical situation is a little bit more settled and also they're seeing some of the tailwinds playing into the reality into the new business opportunities, the backlog and also we projected Q4 sequential growth. So to the right acquirers, this really representing a pretty significant synergistic value to them. And as for the timing, we really cannot predict, but rest assured, this is my top priority.

Okay. And then just on the rack. So it sounds -- I mean, you're kind of -- it sounds like you're semi-promising Kyber in 2027. And I just want to make sure, do you have a lot of visibility on that, just given what happened this year with the Blackwell racks. I just want to talk through how much confidence that you actually have on that, that you would be ramping on Kyber in '27 because it does sound like you're kind of semi-promising that.

Tim, I would shy away from the specific platform, but go back to the fundamentals. So there's really not a whole a lot of different ways to improve the signal integrity, especially when you get the high-speed signal launched into very thin metal trees. So you're going to lose the signal strength, you're going to distort the signal, and you need to condition it, and there is no better or more seamless way than getting linear equalizer integrated on the board. If they have other ways to do it, they would do it as well. So that's the fundamental belief and we have -- and that's the use cases we're seeing with multiple customers who are interested in incorporating linear equalizer on PCBs.

And our next question comes from the line of Tore Svanberg with Stifel.

Hong, my first question is on ACC. You mentioned the 3 programs there with the lead customer ramping in '26. I know you can't talk about specifics, but could you at least confirm that all 3 programs are either cable or PCB board? And are they all based on the same speeds? And if so, what are the speeds?

Tore, thank you for the question. All 3 programs are for 200 gigabit per second trace, and they are all in the cable forms, these 3 programs, none of them are the chip on board.

Yes. And as my follow-up and sort of back to the Sierra Wireless gross margins. They've been under quite a bit of pressure. I mean I understand the mix of modules versus services and so on and so forth. But we're also hearing about component costs going up, whether it's memory or modem chips or anything like that. So how should we think about that gross margin, not just next quarter, but over the next few quarters?

Yes. So Mark, do you want to...

Yes. So on the gross margin for the ISC business, so you mentioned memory. Maybe I'll just get to the point in terms of, let's say, inflationary costs on the BOM, we're not experiencing that, especially in memory. We have a few choices there in terms of suppliers. So there -- for ISC, it really is mix. That's the primary driver of gross margins. As we -- as cellular modules is a higher percentage, the gross margin goes down. And if we have more in terms of services or router business, the gross margin in that business goes up. But at this point, as we're guiding next quarter, we're seeing really, really strong orders and expectations for customer delivery ramps into Q4.

So Mark, so this is basically 5G modules that are ramping this quarter and because they're lower margin than services and software, that's basically what's weighing on it.

That's right. But it's both 4G and 5G. But of course, 5G is definitely a tailwind, correct.

And our next question comes from the line of Quinn Bolton with Needham & Company.

I wanted to follow-up on that last question. Just, Mark, maybe you can level set us. I think you said the semiconductor gross margin for the fourth quarter would be 60.5%. I don't know if you gave an ISC gross margin, but it looks like it's got to be pretty materially below the 36.6% that you did in the third quarter. So just wondering if you could give us some range where you think that ISC gross margin comes out in the fourth quarter?

Yes. At this point, I'll just say that the ISC gross margin is -- will be lower, primarily due to the drivers we talked about with cellular modules. On the -- but again, on the positive side, semiconductor gross margins was 60.5%, plus or minus 50 basis points. So still quite healthy, and we expect that to continue to grow. Well, we're only guiding on 1 quarter, right? The drivers of gross margin between data center, LoRa and per se, our sensing business now is expected to be accretive to that gross margin.

Got it. And then I'm not sure if it's for Mark or Hong. It does sound like you may be getting closer to a potential divestiture based on your comments in the script. I think in the past, you described a divestiture of noncore assets as being non-dilutive to EPS because you would take deal proceeds and pay down high interest rate term loan debt. Well, you've now done that interest expense annually is less than $3 million. So I guess I'm hoping you could comment now without the balance sheet, would a divestiture of noncore assets be dilutive to EPS?

Yes. At this point, we're looking at the lower gross margin portions of our business. So that would be something that -- at this point, without naming all the specific assets that we're looking at, let's say it's a nominal impact to immaterial impact.

And our final question comes from the line of Cody Acree with The Benchmark Company.

Hong, if we can maybe go back to the ACC opportunity for a minute. Can you talk to some of the market's concerns around reliability of ACC and earlier testing? Is that contributing to any of the hyperscaler what looks like to be maybe incremental delays in the program ramp that I believe was expected to begin here in Q4 and now looks like it's more into next year.

Cody, yes, thanks for the question. I'm not aware of any reliability you were mentioning about the ACC. So there are some chattering like this is more like a couple of years ago by not really -- the player is no longer active in the industry, and there's some false start. But there are no -- any issue we are aware of, and we have deployed a significant amount of ACCs in the industry. So I mean, we haven't heard anything bad. And then with the hyperscalers, they have gone through months of qualification and reliability testing, system validation process. They're very careful and they're very technically capable. We haven't heard anything -- any concern about that.

All right. Great. Can we go back to your discussion of ensuring capacity availability? Can you just talk about some of the strategies that you might be able to employ specifically on the wafer side that you mentioned earlier?

Yes. So we talk about silicon photonics, silicon germanium semiconductor platform to support silicon photonics and also our PMD physical media devices. And there are more than 1 fab, one location, and we try to make more capacity available by engaging and qualifying manufacturing from other sites in other countries. So that not only unlock some additional capacities, but also make it more robust from the geopolitical point of view. So that's what I mean. That's the focus for the near term.

Would you look at anything like dedicated capacity commitment or investment on your part?

So the capacity, certainly, we have been increasing the CapEx investment in the back end, for example, testing. And -- but for the foundry capacity, we are primarily working with our partners to qualify their foundry from different locations.

Thank you. And with that, there are no further questions at this time. I would like to turn the call back over to Mitch Haws for closing remarks.

That concludes today's call. Thanks to all of you for joining us today. We look forward to seeing you at various investor events over the coming weeks.

Thank you, Mitch. And with that, this does conclude today's teleconference.

Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Semtech Corporation's Second Quarter Fiscal Year 2026 Earnings Conference Call.

[Operator Instructions]

Please be advised that today's conference call is being recorded. I would now like to hand the call over to Mitch Haws, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations for Semtech. Thank you. Please go ahead.

Thank you, and welcome to Semtech's Second Quarter 2026 Financial Results Conference Call. Participants on today's call are Hong Hou, our President and Chief Executive Officer; and Mark Lin, our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

Before we begin the prepared remarks, I would like to highlight upcoming investor events, including the Deutsche Bank Technology Conference on August 27, The benchmark TMT Conference on September 3, The JPMorgan Rising Tech Leaders Forum September 4, and The Piper Sandler Growth Frontiers Conference on September 10. Today, after market close, we released the unaudited results for the second quarter of fiscal year 2026, which are posted along with an earnings call presentation to our Investor Relations website at investors.semtech.com.

Today's call will include various remarks about future expectations, plans and prospects, which comprise forward-looking statements. Please refer to today's press release and Slide 2 of the earnings presentation as well as the Risk Factors section of our most recent annual report on Form 10-K. For a number of risk factors that could cause our actual results and events to differ materially from those anticipated or projected on this call. You should consider these risk factors in conjunction with our forward-looking statements. We will refer primarily to non-GAAP financial measures during today's call.

Please see today's press release and Slide 3 of the earnings presentation for important information regarding notes on our non-GAAP financial presentation. The press release and earnings presentation also include reconciliations of our GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures.

With that, I will turn the call over to Hong.

Thank you, Mitch. And good afternoon to all of you joining today. The Semtech team made solid progress again this quarter with a sequential increases across each end market leading to record net sales. We also delivered sequential improvement in adjusted gross profit, operating income and earnings per share, strengthening our financial profile while executing on the R&D road map that we believe establishes a foundation for long-term growth. I've completed my 1-year tenure as Semtech's CEO and reflecting on the 3 priorities I outlined in our earnings call a year ago, we have made tremendous progress: First, on strengthening the balance sheet. At the end of Q2, we have reduced debt by $879 million from the time I started as CEO resulting in a year-over-year quarterly interest expense reduction of 80% and a substantial net leverage ratio improvement, 1.6x at the close of Q2 '26 compared to 8.8x a year ago. This strong improvement to our financial foundation allowed us to focus on drivers for our business.

Second, on rationalizing the portfolio and increasing investment in the core assets, I'm happy to report that the core assets we have delineated namely data center, LoRa and PerSe each strongly contributed to our net sales momentum throughout the year. With increased R&D investment into the core areas we anticipate further acceleration of our momentum.

Third, revitalizing our winning culture. This is the area of progress of which I'm most proud. By strong engagement with employees through frequent site visits, interactive information sessions, small group and one-on-one meetings as well as regular and transparent communications, we provided much needed clarity in the company's vision, strategy and priorities. Following a call to exit [indiscernible] [ binding ] a culture of customer intimacy, our personal discipline and strong execution, we believe we have made great progress on achieving roadmap alignments with our key customers through significantly improved customer engagement, securing new product design wins and delivering strong financial performance.

I'd like to extend my sincere gratitude to the senior leadership and all of our follow employees for their resilience, dedication and commitment to Semtech's rising initiative. Going forward, the priority of portfolio optimization is further elevated. We have managed our noncore assets back to a growth trajectory and combined with the market tailwinds, we believe this asset represent a very compelling business to the right [indiscernible].

We believe we are well positioned to further transform Semtech into a higher growth and more profitable company. Now let me move the discussion to our end markets. For Q2, infrastructure net sales were $73.4 million, up 1% sequentially and up 39% year-over-year. Infrastructure revenue growth benefited from record revenues in our data center business. Net sales for data center reached a record $52.2 million, up 1% sequentially and up 92% year-over-year, benefiting from our broad portfolio. FiberEdge products achieved record net sales, offsetting the copper air pocket from the initial red deployment and our [indiscernible] customer. Based on Q2 performance, we expect continued strong opportunities for FiberEdge demand for the remainder of calendar year 2025 and beyond from our optical module customers serving North America cloud service providers of CSPs. This conviction is supported by our direct ecosystem engagement, which correlates with the increases in the data center CapEx forecast from multiple hyperscalers, [indiscernible] operators and enterprises.

During Q2, bookings and forecast from our optical module customers serving China-based CSPs were generally cautious due to limits on GPU availability. That said, we have started seeing accelerated data center bookings over the past several weeks for this market. Looking ahead to the next several quarters, we expect the data center market to continuous multiyear growth cycle. The market is shifting to higher data grid to support the increased compute and network interconnect bandwidth resulting in strong demand for FiberEdge 800-gig TIA moving rapidly from 400-gig. Beyond 800-gig, we are supporting multiple customers on their 1.6T transceiver designs with both TIAs and drivers. We currently expect volume ramps to start in the first half of 2026, commensurate with a broad deployment of 1.6T switches. While the shift to higher speed to achieve high bandwidth is given, it is increasingly important to deliver this bandwidth using low power and low latency network interconnect. Semtech's analog expertise allows CSPs to deliver high-performance compute and increased storage capacity while constraining our budget for networking. On the optical side, we have secured several LPO design wins with our TIAs in the 400-gig and 800-gig transceivers.

We believe we have secured the lion's shares of the TIAs in the most optical transceivers. Our 800-gig LPO laser drivers was specifically designed to comply with our LPO MSA requirements, and we believe it is the only compliant driver in the market. Several optical module customers are conducting design win and testing of our drivers on their transceivers. We are engaged with the 3 of the leading hyperscalers with our 800-gig LPO solution and expect revenues to begin ramping in Q4 of this year. We are accelerating our R&D road map and are targeting making 1.6T LPO drivers and TIAs available for sampling before the end of the year.

Another high bandwidth and low power solution is a copper edge for ACC and onboard [indiscernible] equalizer. During the quarter, we delivered 800 gig and 1.6T ACC cables to multiple hyperscaler and enterprise customers for testing and qualification. Those customers are seeing benefits of strong signal integrity, lower latency and importantly, much lower power consumption as much as 90% below completing DSP-based AEC solutions, while offering lighter and more flexible cables as well as a significantly longer reach compared to direct touch copper cables. We continue close engagement with our [indiscernible] customer for their future [indiscernible] platforms using copper edge and 1.6T optical transceivers using our FiberEdge product.

We are on track and expect to launch ACC with U.S. hyperscaler customers during calendar year 2026. Currently, we are enabling all the major cable suppliers, all of which have begun initial qualification at multiple hyperscalers. As data-centric topology continues to evolve, we see copper remaining foundational elements to next-generation data center [indiscernible] item, particularly for short reach links where its cost, power efficiency, speed and reliability are unmatched.

With the bandwidth requirements increasing from 400-gig to 800-gig, 1.6T and beyond advances in active copper technologies are extending the reach and offering significant power savings, making copper A sensor complement to optical solutions. In high-performance computing and AI clusters, copper enables low latency energy efficiency connections at a rack and row level, where optics address longer reach needs. By leveraging our 20-plus years of experience in analog data center solutions, we are helping our customers achieve the performance efficiency and scalability demands of today's and tomorrow's data center with a comprehensive product portfolio, addressing line speeds from 10 gig to 400 gig with the line count from 1 to 8 channels.

Moving forward, the momentum in FiberEdge, combined with our emerging copper edge and LPO opportunities all supported by the strong data center CapEx spending positions our data center business for strong growth. Now moving to our high-end consumer end market. Net sales for Q2 were $41.2 million, up 16% sequentially and up 11% year-over-year. Net sales in consumer TVS were $29.9 million, up 22% secretively, and up 15% year-over-year consistent with the seasonality associated with the smartphone unit reps and our strong content across multiple customers. This growth exceeds overall growth in the handset volumes aligning with our belief that Semtech is gaining content and market share, stemming from our market-leading performance and supply chain excellence.

Designed for ultra-high capacity and sensitivity and fast response times, this device's safeguard displays as well as price speed interfaces such as HDMI and display port without compromising signal integrity of performance. This makes them ideal for using smart TVs, game consoles, laptops, wearables and mobile devices. Leading global consumer electronics brands integrate Semtech's TVS technology into their products to ensure device performance durability and reliability.

In addition, our PerSe sensing technology is being increasingly deployed across a growing range of applications from consumer electronics to automotive and industrial markets. In devices, such as smartphones and laptop computers, where specific absorption rate standards are becoming more stringent, PerSe enables the intelligent power management by detecting proximity and optimizing RF performance to meet regulatory requirements without compromising the user experience.

In addition, PerSe enabled precise gesture control with ultra-low power consumption, both of which are highly valued for wearables such as headsets and smart glasses. We are actively engaged in design discussions with a broad range of customers in both smart glasses and smartphone platforms supporting both existing designs and new launches over the coming quarters.

Moving towards industrial end market. Q2 industrial net sales were $143 million up slightly sequentially in line with our outlook and up 14% year-over-year. Within the Industrial, net sales of LoRa-enabled solution were $36.9 million, down 5% sequentially and up 29% year-over-year, supported by continued expansion across several end markets and in multiple applications. LoRa offers a unique combination of long-range connectivity, low power consumption and robust performance in challenging environments. Its ability to transmit data over several kilometers while operating for years on a single battery chart makes it ideal for predictive maintenance, asset tracking energy management and smart city infrastructure.

It also enables cost-effective and secure monitoring and control of the equipment infrastructure and the environmental conditions over large areas. We are seeing growth in applications, including home security systems, smart appliances, pad and personal trackers and community-based environmental sensors. In addition, our recent generation LoRa chips offer dual band capability, [ 2.4 ] gigahertz and ISM frequencies to enhance bandwidth. This capability is supporting a new generation of connected devices that require reliable low-power communicating without the complexity and the expenses of traditional networks. Dual band capability is facilitating LoRa's adoption in emerging low altitude economy, including drone delivery, aerial surveying and emergency rescue. LoRa is especially well suited for this environment, as its combined long-range communication low power consumption and a strong signal resilience, 3 factors critical for area operations.

LoRa technology is used to provide reliable telemetry and sensor data transmission even beyond the visual line of sight. This allows operators to gather real-time insights without relying solely on high-bandwidth short range video links. Our IoT systems hardware business recorded Q2 net sales of $64.8 million, up 2% sequentially and up 24% year-over-year. Bookings in our hardware business continues to be strong, over 40% year-over-year due to both the broad market recovery as well as our position as a leading North American supplier.

We see strong 5G momentum as IoT transitions from 4G with a growth in both bookings and design wins. We believe we hold a leadership position with 5G RedCap and are progressing well in launching Qualcomm-based platforms in the coming year. We continue to lead in 5G LPWA, advancing satellite IoT through nonterrestrial network, or NTN, which opens up new opportunities for global connectivity.

For router and gateways, our partnership ecosystem continues gaining momentum. As announced in June, several of our products including our flagship XR 60 5G router achieved Verizon frontline verified status. We now support Verizon's frontline network slice, a dedicated 5G highway for the first responders. This opened up significant opportunities in public safety, where mission-critical connectivity is paramount.

In July, we hosted an Air Linked Partner Summit in Dallas. We shared our product road map and showcased a range of compelling use cases in public safety, public transit, utility, oil and gas as well as government applications. Our various partnerships represent fundamental steps as we evolve from a product vendor to a solution provider of choice for missing critical applications.

In summary, we delivered another quarter of strong financial performance in Q2, reflecting both the strength of our core business and the disciplined execution of our strategy. At the same time, we continue to invest in our R&D, which will fuel future growth, ensuring our technology remains at the forefront of the market requirement and customer expectations.

With that, I will now turn the call to Mark for additional detail on our financial results and our outlook for the third quarter of FY '26. Mark?

Thank you, Hong. I am pleased to report that for Q2, net sales were a record $257.6 million, above the midpoint of our outlook, up 20% year-over-year and the sixth consecutive quarter of growth. Net sales trends by end market, reportable segment and geographic region are included on Slide 16 of the earnings presentation. Adjusted gross margin was 53.2%, down 30 basis points sequentially and up 280 basis points year-over-year and above the midpoint of our outlook. Semiconductor Products adjusted gross margin was 60.7%, down sequentially from 63.7% and up year-over-year from 59.2%. Looking at the adjusted gross margin dynamics in more detail, high-end consumer sales were seasonally higher in Q2, which has a modest negative impact on product mix. Product mix within Signal Integrity was impacted by higher sales of telecommunication products as well as a forecasted decline in corporate revenue. IoT systems and connectivity adjusted gross margin benefited from higher sales of routers and gateways with Q2 at 39.5%, improving sequentially from 34.4% and up year-over-year from 35.4%.

Adjusted net operating expenses were $88.4 million, within our guidance range. Adjusted operating income was $48.6 million, resulting in an adjusted operating margin of 18.8%, up 460 basis points year-over-year. Adjusted EBITDA was $56.5 million, up 39% year-over-year, and adjusted EBITDA margin was 21.9%, up 310 basis points year-over-year. Adjusted net interest expense was $4.1 million, down 80% year-over-year. Annualizing the Q2 amount, adjusted net interest expense is well under a single quarter's expense from just a year ago. This has allowed us to accelerate investment in strategic high-growth areas of our business while driving earnings growth and cash flow. Q2 adjusted net interest expense decreased sequentially from $5 million reflective of our continued prioritization of using free cash flow to repay debt. Other net nonoperating expenses were $1.3 million, primarily from foreign exchange revaluation losses, reflective of a weaker U.S. dollar during the quarter.

We recorded adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.41, up from $0.38 in Q1 and a substantial improvement from $0.11 recorded a year ago. In the second quarter, we recorded a noncash $41.9 million goodwill impairment charge from our Connected Services business that is reflected in our GAAP results. While net sales for this business remained stable, down 1% year-over-year and up 3% sequentially. These results did not meet our internal earnings forecast and resulted in a reassessment of this business's goodwill balance.

Operating cash flow for Q2 was $44.4 million, sequentially up 60% from $27.8 million and up from negative $5 million a year ago. Free cash flow for Q2 reflected similar growth at $41.5 million, sequentially up 59% from $26.2 million and up from negative $8.4 million a year ago. We ended Q2 with a cash and cash equivalents balance of $168.6 million, up $12.1 million from Q1, while making optional principal prepayments of $25 million on our term loan.

At the end of Q2, net debt sequentially decreased $37.1 million to $359.1 million. Along with debt reduction, strong business performance contributed to an adjusted net leverage ratio of 1.6x as of the close of Q2, down sequentially from 1.9% and down year-over-year from [ 0.8 ].

Now turning to our third quarter outlook. We currently expect net sales of $266 million, plus or minus $5 million, up 12% year-over-year at the midpoint. We expect net sales from our infrastructure end market to increase sequentially, including growth in data center. We expect net sales from our high-end consumer end market to be up, reflective of typical seasonality as well as content gains. We expect net sales from an industrial end market to be slightly up with lower about flat sequentially, combined with growth in our IoT cellular business. Based on expected product mix and net sales levels, we expect adjusted gross margin to be 53.0%, plus or minus 50 basis points, a 60 basis point improvement year-over-year at the midpoint. Adjusted net operating expenses are expected to be plus or minus $1 million, resulting in an adjusted operating margin at the midpoint of 19.6%, a 130 basis point improvement year-over-year.

Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be $60 million, plus or minus $3 million, resulting in an adjusted EBITDA margin at the midpoint of 22.5%, a 90 basis point improvement year-over-year. We expect adjusted interest and other expense net to be $5 million, benefiting from leverage-based pricing on a term loan that aligns a lower interest rate to a lower leverage ratio. We expect an adjusted normalized income tax rate of 15%, consistent with Q2. These amounts are expected to result in adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.44, plus or minus $0.03 based on a weighted average share count of 91.6 million shares.

Thank you, Mark. We can now turn the call back over to the operator for the question-and-answer session.

[Operator Instructions]

And our first question comes from the line of Harsh Kumar with Piper Sandler.

First of all, congratulations on very solid, very steady results. I did have a question on LPO opportunity and the timing for it. Not too long ago, our competitor sort of suggested that, that timing may be imminent that they were basically in commercial production. I was curious of -- you're talking about fourth quarter. So I was curious about how you see the progression through the year. Is there a possibility that LPO could be preponed, maybe it could come earlier -- or are you just in different sort of customers and maybe with a different -- slightly different timeline?

Harsh, thank you for the question. Yes, the LPO, we have been engaging with a broader customer base for applications for CSPs in the U.S. and in China. And they are a different stage of testing and qualification. But one thing is good that our TIAs has been in pretty much every transceiver manufacturers design and qualification. As for timing, that -- there -- some of them will start to deploy in Q4 and some -- I wouldn't say the imminent right now is the small volume. And because we have a broad product portfolio, and our TIA has already been designed in a DSP-based retime solution already. We don't see the incrementally higher demand due to the just yet, but we do expect that Q4 that will start deployed. So we have the design wins in 800-gig and also 400-gig for DR4s and that one may already start in volume.

Understood, Hung. And then maybe I could ask you about the general state of the data center spend. You're sort of a networking player. You have parts and modules and cables. You talked to, obviously, a lot of large companies. I was curious, I wanted to see where your level of enthusiasm is on the continued data center spend these days as you talk to these large hyperscalers and the large networking players.

Yes. Thank you for that question. Yes, we do engage with our direct customers, which are the module manufacturers, but we also engage with in the U.S. and also in China. We all read the same news in the earnings report, the CSPs they have strong conviction and forecast to increase the CapEx spending to expand the data center capacity and upgrade for AI capabilities. And we see that from our direct customers, a very strong forecast for 2026 and beyond. So we will be benefiting from this tremendous backdrop.

On the other hand in China, the CSPs, as I discussed in the prepared remarks, the first part of the Q2, they tend to be a little bit cost due to the limit to the GPU availability. But in the last several weeks, and they have come back and the booking activity has improved pretty significantly. And the forecast for the remaining of '25 and 2026 is very optimistic as well. So we see the market really very -- has a very optimistic [indiscernible], and we're seeing the results from the new business opportunities and the bookings. And because we are supplying electronic components, you may hear some parties, they were limited by -- so EML or other components. But it's not for us, our PMD physical media devices designed for -- to support the VCSELs, support EML and also support silicon photonics modulators. So we don't see the constraint at this point, but we do plan ahead to add more testers and back-end OSAT capacity anticipation of a pretty significant ramp for 2026 and beyond.

And our next question comes from the line of Joe Moore with Morgan Stanley.

You talked about your outlook for Copper Edge. Can you give us a little bit more color? How confident are you in seeing broader adoption? And when you talked about hyperscale customers, what types of projects are you working on there?

Yes. Thank you, Joe. Yes. So we have been talking to customers over the last 3, 4 quarters, and we covered a pretty broad ground. I have been engaging with over 20 customers in the entire ecosystem. So certainly, the awareness level right now is significantly increased and we work with our cable customers very closely, the 4, 5 key ones, they now have about 100 gig per lane, our 800 gig cables and 200 gig per lane, our 1.6T cables is [indiscernible] to different CSPs and enterprise customers. We're seeing strong traction. They definitely see the advantage of low power, more flexible in higher signal integrity and a longer reach than deck cable. And they are designed in 1 case, for scale up, similar to our enter customer to interconnect the different processors, ASICs in 1 cluster and with more applications in scale-out to interconnect, say, from the servers to top of the rack and also serve the backplane to replace the deck cables.

So we see the use cases, you replace that cable, we see the use cases to replace AECs. And all of these applications are to take advantage of the unique property like low power consumption, high signal integrity and extended reach compared to the deck. We also have customers use the leader equalizers for onboard applications to improve the signal integrity and stretch the reach from the ASIC to, say, front of the panel of pluggable ports. So we'll see probably a couple of hyperscalers to drive to the high-volume ramp first in either Q4 or the beginning of 2026. For 1.6T cables, the timing of ramp will be coincided with a switch if you don't have 200-gig ports, you don't really need connectivity to connect the ports. But for 800-gig or 100-gig per lane cables, we start seeing some of the demand and getting preparations for the latter part of this year.

Great. And then separately, are you seeing any supply constraints on 1.6T optics?

The 1.6T optics, Joe, at this point, we don't see the strong volume demand yet. And -- but every module manufacturer is designing their optical modules using different DSPs using different PMDs, which we provide their customers, they all require different pitches and different configurations for packaging. So we support a wide range of demand -- but the volume ramp, and it's going to be like in 2026. At this point, the port would require 1.6T connectivities, there are only 2 from 2 major ASIC manufacturers. One is making GPU one is making switches. So you can imagine the timing of when they start the volume deployment. So the bottom line, we don't see the constraint from our side.

And the next question comes from Timothy Arcuri with UBS.

This is Dino on for Tim. So just a question on LoRa. It looks like results came in strong ahead of the $30 million to $35 million range you previously mentioned. Are you seeing significant contributions from other applications of LoRa? And do you expect to see LoRa performing at the same level in the next few quarters?

Yes. Thank you for the question. That's a great question. Certainly, we are very pleased about the demand of LoRa. We think we are on the right track in providing enhanced capability by the new product. For example, the dual band in addition to ISM baseband, we provide the device capability to run on 2.4 gigahertz spend as well. What that does is to provide enhanced bandwidth data rate. But at a trade off a transmission distance, but LoRa already cover hundreds of kilometers. So it's not a big trade-off and by increased bandwidth, we unlocked a range of applications. For example, the low altitude economy, drone deliveries and so even some applications related to HAI and for example, parking meters and they can getting a steel picture snap in using the enhancement with -- to transmit the pictures back in at archive.

So we also had a LoRa plus that basically LoRa plus, other RF protocols. By combination, you can address different applications that traditionally LoRa alone cannot address. So these new technologies really opened up new market opportunities, and we are very pleased to see that the LoRa -- continue to have very strong demand. We did mention that.

As a matter of fact, the end node -- number of end node we shipped last quarter is a historic record. So going forward, we think right now, gives us the confidence and conviction, we expect LoRa's revenue on a quarterly basis to be between $30 million to $40 million. So certainly, it's going to be an increase from our original belief from $30 million to $35 million.

And our next question comes from the line of Quinn Bolton with Needham & Company.

Congratulations on the results and outlook. I guess I wanted to follow up on the ECC opportunity, just to understand timing. It sounds like you still expect, Hong, some ACC revenue potentially in the fiscal fourth quarter ending January and if I heard your answer to the previous question, it sounds like 800-gig or 100-gig per lane ACC potentially for scale up is the first application to ramp?

So Quinn, that may confuse you that for 800 gig is for the interconnect -- yes, in the back plane and also between racks. Historically, they used a deck cable, they can reach the data rate of 100 gigabit, even 200 gigabit per lane, but the cable was 26 gauge, very rigid, using their words, it's like as rigid as a rod. So when you bend a little bit, you compromise the signal integrity. So in that, they will still call the scale out applications for different interconnected different switches. But right now, the one we designed in for 200 gig per lane and 1.6T application is a scale up between different racks for ASICs. And the customers finding more applications in scale out to -- in the back plane to an connect say, for example, from the next card to the top of the rack. And in many cases, within the topology of the switch fabric, they are just replacing the [ dead ] cable with ACC because of the flexibility, better signal integrity and incrementally higher power than [indiscernible] cable, but it's not really taking out any additional power budget.

Okay, I guess, Hong, just so I'm clear, the 1.6t or 200 gig per lane cables, I thought a lot of those would depend on Broadcom's Tomahawk switch that enable 200 gig per lane. So are there applications for 1.6T ACCs that ramp before availability of that switch? Or do your 100-gig designs ramp in the fourth quarter before availability of that Ethernet switch platform from Broadcom?

Right. So the volume demand will start from 100 gig first line I would say, in Q4. And then the 200 gig first applications to volume is going to be the scale up between ASICs. Then that will be followed by 200 gig per lane scale-out application, as you correctly pointed out, when the switch die are more available in volume and you need to be interconnecting between the net [indiscernible] to the top of the rack.

Got it. Okay. That makes sense. And then I get I wanted to switch, I know the data center business is driving a lot of growth, but you mentioned the PerSe business and engagements in sort of new smart glass platforms as well as smartphone platforms. I'm just wondering if you could give us your outlook for the ramp up PerSe, I think you've got a smart glass platform that you're on today that's already achieved high volume. Do you see continued growth in Smart glasses? And any comments you can make on PerSe adoption in the smartphone segment would be helpful.

Yes. Thank you. Yes. So Quinn, PerSe devices, has been the industry standard for smartphone. And you know that for almost all the smartphone manufacturers were there, whether you the process of getting into the last one and the major one. As for the applications in the smart variable, the smart glasses, certainly our lead customer is this matter [indiscernible]. And there are several other platforms they use basically the same functionality and -- but they do the different ways and linked to their own large language model for AI applications, and we are there.

And the smart wearable continue to evolve and demand more functionalities. And so we are engaging with this broad ring customers and designing next generations. So that's next-generation product. So that is the area we feel like it can evolve into a pretty sizable market, and we're in the forefront of it.

And our next question comes from the line of Christopher Rolland with Susquehanna International Group.

Guys, thanks for the question. So I do know it might be a little early for January guidance, but seasonally, I do believe, historically, that's been down. Are there -- is there a wide way or a broad way to think about kind of how seasonality or how we should think about January like could you outgrow typical seasonality given the LPO ramp or the ACC ramp just any broad kind of milestones or things to think about for January.

Yes, Chris, so we provided our outlook for Q3 and our end market commentary should help investors formulate thoughts for growth in the out periods. You're correct. High-end consumer sales do trail down in Q4. We don't really see a change to that particular trend. High consumer net sales were $41.2 million in Q2. That's a multiyear high, up 16% sequentially, up 11% year-over-year. So while we're gaining design wins and market share, which allows us to grow above market rates. I still view Q4 as just a seasonally drilled down, not a weakness at all in any of the business. Our industrial end market is performing well. We've heard from some industry big weathers on these trends. The ISC business is performing well with the 4G to 5G transition as a tailwind there. And in infrastructure, data center is definitely a growth engine in all the commentary that Hong has provided in our prepared remarks and for the Q&A up until now. We do have a very broad portfolio FiberEdge shipments were up about 3x compared to a year ago. And anything that we talk about in terms of LPO would be incremental and ACC is definitely incremental to that ramp.

That's fantastic. Maybe for the -- my second question, I think you guys said you were down to 1.6x leverage, pretty incredible from where you guys were just a couple of years ago. But my specific question is, what does this mean for the odds of doing a potential acquisition and/or what does this mean for the odds for doing a potential divestiture?

Yes. So Chris, that's definitely -- we are pretty excited about the progress we have made not a couple of years ago, even as recent as a year ago, our leverage ratio was at 8.8x. So certainly, that's a huge improvement. This improved financial foundation allows us to go more aggressive in capturing the opportunities of growth. Through close engagement with the customers, we have identified many great growth opportunities. And we have been able to balance the R&D spending with our bottom line over the last year.

And I think we are striking the right balance and we're increasing R&D spending in a core area by 20% sequentially while still maintaining, delivering the good bottom line performance. Going forward, we'll continue to invest in the core areas and there might be some opportunities when we analyze our portfolio, we're seeing -- we can apply technology leverage, customer leverage or operational leverage. We are seeing som ecoyage and we have some capability to do small tuck-ins. And -- but that's the highest priority for us is still the portfolio optimization. We decide what the areas we wanted to get in. We have the Board's support. We'll continue that strategy going forward. So hopefully, that answered your question definitely, the core noncore delineation is not just a paper exercise. It's really on North Star to set the priority for us.

And our next question comes from the line of Rich Schafer with Oppenheimer.

Yes. I've got a question on Tri-Edge. I'm just curious what the outlook is for the PAM4 in the Tri-Edge business as the industry sort of seems to be focusing more on 100G and 200G lanes and I guess, how do you -- what are your plans for that business? How do you view that Tri-Edge opportunity? I mean is PAM4 going to be a growth driver for Semtech.

Rich, thank you for your great question. So the Tri-Edge has been our traditional offering is basically integrated product with the drivers and TIA is integrated with cloud and data recovery one. So you can almost say it's [indiscernible] the analog version of the DSP, we offered a product at a 50 gig per lane to give, say, 4 channel will be 200 gig aggregated bandwidth and if this A channel will be 400 gig aggregated bandwidth. So our customers more particularly in China and also 1 of the CSPs in the U.S. has been using our Tri-Edge in the AOC cables active optical cables for 400 gig and 200 gig. So that has been going in a limited basis, but 1 big CSPs in the U.S. are giving us the forecast and start ramping up by using the Tri-Edge in the AOC applications for 400-gig. So our plan is that we'll continue to push that envelope to make the PAM4 50 gig move up to 200 gig. We're going to be skipping a 100-gig PAM4 because this is a little too late for that. The beauty of the 200-gig tried CDR-based is going to be continue to deliver low-power consumption and had advantage of both equalizing in the frequency and retiming in time domain. So that is on our road map and under development. We believe when the 1.6T transceivers are launched. And very next thing, there will be first driving for volume and then later on driving for cost reduction and the power reduction. So we will catch that wave of providing low-cost, low-power version after Tri-Edge.

And Hong, have you taken a swing at sort of what that opportunity looks like? And any sense of how big that market could be? Or is it just too early?

So Rich, right now, it's a little early to do that. And -- but we will be basically using when we were evaluating market opportunity in order to determine if this is a viable R&D project. We just make that Samsung say, for example, if we can chip away 5% to 10% or 1.6T transceiver market from the realtime solutions that, will be well worth a while for the market opportunity. It's really great for as an alternative to the DSPs. So I think it's going to be as customers seeing a better signal integrity, lower power performance Again, just like the LPO, there's going to be more acceptance and because of the low power is a key attribute to the optical connectivity in the future.

And our next question comes from the line of Cody Acree with The Benchmark Company.

Congrats on the progress. Hung, can you just go back to your ACC commentary on the cloud service providers. You mentioned expecting that to begin early '26. Is that any reset of timing from earlier expectation of ACC diversification in Q4? Or was that always the case, the delineation between CSPs and the cable providers?

Cody, thank you for the question. So we are always at the timing wise for the volume brand is going to be going through the platform architecture. The platform architecture of our customers will go with the appliance they need in there, for example, in this case, the switch, timing of the switch availability, as you probably know and heard is going to be pushed out a little bit. So that is the 1 thing we found during Q2 and -- but as I said, there are 2 other use cases, for example, 100 gig per lane 800-gig ACC cable that's independent of that timing.

We believe that ramp will start in Q4 for that flavor. Another 1 is a 200 gig per lane and 1.6T cable for scale up between different racks of ASICs, that will also march along the line time line in Q4. So when you start ramping back from a very low level, to pretty sizable level. The timing does matter a lot because the ramp-up slope is pretty high. The good thing is that we have gone through that type of ramp in the past in supporting the anchor customer, we have the confidence that we'll be able to support the market adequately.

Excellent. And Mark, can you give us any of your outlook on your gross margin expectations for the next couple of quarters and also your OpEx spending trends?

Yes. So we have the guide for the following quarter. And really, as we've stated, we're very mix driven. But the good part is there, Cody, is that the strong -- the faster-growing portion of our business are accretive to mix, especially within data center. But that said, we also provide the areas of growth for our IoT cellular business, which is a little bit of a headwind and also within Q3, we do have a little bit of a headwind from high-end consumer. But overall, that particular business does support the industrial TBS business well, which has pretty good gross margin. So overall, pretty good operating margin. But again, mix driven. OpEx. I think our commentary is that we do look at opportunities to invest in near-term growth areas.

We have a pretty strong portfolio that we're developing, but we are very cognizant of R&D spend, and we'll try to keep that under -- I should say, we expect to keep that under control. But again, there's some really, really great opportunities out there for us to invest in some very good organic growth opportunities.

So any thoughts on R&D growth as you go forward?

Cody, so we've guided out that 1 quarter. You can just expect us to be prudent and not overspend. And maybe we'll leave it at that.

And our next question comes from the line of Tore Svanberg with Stifel.

Yes. I wanted to just take a step back and ask about sort of the general business environment from a linearity perspective. Is there sort of any color you could share with us on linearity of sales and especially on bookings?

Yes. So Tore, thank you for your question. So we are seeing pretty strong booking activities, data center area, lower and per se even the consumer high-end consumer TVS is very strong. The industrial for the modules, we have the tailwind. The booking activity is very strong. So as for the linearity, from quarter-to-quarter, you always have this different product mix thing, but I would say very rarely, you have a few things all seem to be lining up in supporting a very positive momentum, and that is now and I feel like really good about the future quarters.

Very good. And as my follow-up, I had a sort of a clarification question on LPO. So you said you expect 3 leading hyperscalers to be an 800-gig year production in Q4 of this year. Are those 3 hyperscalers all U.S.? Or is that U.S. and China?

So 3 hyperscalers, 2 are in the U.S. 1 in China. So the this is really this early inning. And the LPO transition into takeover some of the DSP-based transceiver market share is inevitable. And the beauty for that for us is if you stay with the DSP based, we have TIA content. If transition over to LPO based, our SAM is going to be double. We will have the driver content as well. So the timing to us is important, but it's not a super sensitive because we are already an incumbent for DSP-based transceivers.

And our final question comes from the line of Craig Ellis with B. Riley Securities.

King. Hung, I wanted to go back to the opening part of your prepared comments where you talked about things accomplished in your first year, but really use that as an opportunity to ask you what you would like to see the business accomplish in your second year, especially as you look at the infrastructure business from where you are today. What would you be happy with the business accomplishing over the next 4 quarters? -- either from a product standpoint, a scale-up standpoint, et cetera. Just some qualitative color on where we would be from where we are would be really helpful.

Thank you, Craig. If I say largely broad brush, the second year, because of better improved financial foundations, we can go more aggressive and the first year, even some of the opportunities, we uncovered, but we have to balance the bottom line with the investment in R&D. And so that's 1 thing. The second thing is some of the R&D spending we have in the first year is going to be -- start showing the results and momentum for the second year. So I don't want to miss again. If the first year we play some catch-up game the second year, I wanted to be outright lead the market with the solutions out there.

Got it. And if you look at the breadth of the business, Hong or the strength of the business across its different product groups, whether it be Copper Edge, FiberEdge, et cetera. Any significant evolutions we should be looking at that you're trying to drive.

I think what we focus instead of focus each -- on each product line, and -- fortunately, we have a broader portfolio. We focus on 1 simple principle, with the market needs higher bandwidth, lower power, lower latency and lower cost. That entire offering of our portfolio is focused on the very fundamental attributes we can offer to the customers.

Thank you. And with that, there are no further questions at this time. I would like to turn the call back to Mitch Haws for closing remarks.

That concludes today's call. Thanks to all of you for joining us today, and we look forward to seeing you at various investor events over the coming weeks.

Thank you. And with that, this does conclude today's teleconference. Thank you for your participation. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Have a wonderful day.